Skanda Purana — Prabhasa Khanda, Shloka 128

Devanagari script

द्वादशैव प्रदेयानिगुरुब्राह्मणज्ञातिषु । व्रतांते गौः प्रदातव्या कृष्णा वत्सयुता दृढा

Transliteration

dvādaśaiva pradeyānigurubrāhmaṇajñātiṣu | vratāṃte gauḥ pradātavyā kṛṣṇā vatsayutā dṛḍhā

Translation

ภาชนะงาทั้งสิบสองนั้นพึงถวายแก่ครูบาอาจารย์ แก่พราหมณ์ และแก่ญาติทั้งหลาย ครั้นสิ้นวรตแล้ว พึงมอบโคดำที่แข็งแรงพร้อมลูกโคเป็นทาน

Word by Word

• द्वादश: twelve
• द्वादश: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वादश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (प्रदेयानि इति सह)

• एव: indeed, only
• एव: Avadharana (Emphasis/अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (only/indeed)

• प्रदेयानि: should be given
• प्रदेयानि: Karya (Obligation/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-दा (धातु) + यत् (कृत् प्रत्यय) → प्रदेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: यत्-कृदन्त (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विधेय (to be given)

• गुरुब्राह्मणज्ञातिषु: among/for gurus, brāhmaṇas, and kinsmen
• गुरुब्राह्मणज्ञातिषु: Adhikarana (Recipient-domain/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक) + ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (गुरुषु च ब्राह्मणेषु च ज्ञातिषु च)

• व्रतान्ते: at the end of the vow
• व्रतान्ते: Kala/Adhikarana (Time/Location/काल/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (व्रतस्य अन्ते)

• गौः: a cow
• गौः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्रदातव्या: should be given
• प्रदातव्या: Karya (Obligation/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-दा (धातु) + तव्य (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: तव्यत्-कृदन्त (gerundive), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय

• कृष्णा: black
• कृष्णा: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; गौः इति विशेषण

• वत्सयुता: accompanied by a calf
• वत्सयुता: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वत्स (प्रातिपदिक) + युत (कृत/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तृतीया-तत्पुरुष/सह-भाव (वत्सेन युता = accompanied by a calf)

• दृढा: strong, firm
• दृढा: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृढ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; गौः इति विशेषण

Speaker

Sūta (Lomaharṣaṇa) (deduced: Prabhāsa Khaṇḍa narrative style)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Vastrāpatha-kṣetra

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A concluding vow ceremony: twelve sesame vessels are handed to a seated guru and brāhmaṇas; a sturdy black cow with a calf, decorated for gifting, stands nearby.

Characters & Entities

• Guru
• Brāhmaṇa
• Jñāti (kinsmen)
• Gauḥ (cow)
• Vatsa (calf)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

A vrata is sealed by honoring spiritual authorities and sustaining society through significant gifts like go-dāna.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Vastrāpatha-kṣetra (Prabhāsa) where the Śivarātri vow and its concluding gifts are detailed.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Give twelve offerings to guru/brāhmaṇas/kinsmen, and at vow’s end gift a strong black cow with a calf.