Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 50
Devanagari script
मासः पक्षद्वयेनोक्तो द्वौ मासौ चार्कजावृतुः । ऋतुत्रयं चाप्ययनं द्वेयने वर्षमुच्यते
Transliteration
māsaḥ pakṣadvayenokto dvau māsau cārkajāvṛtuḥ | ṛtutrayaṃ cāpyayanaṃ dveyane varṣamucyate
Translation
เดือนหนึ่งกล่าวว่าประกอบด้วยสองปักษ์; สองเดือนรวมเป็นหนึ่งฤดู (ฤตุ). สามฤดูเป็นหนึ่งอายนะ (ครึ่งปี) และสองอายนะเรียกว่า หนึ่งปี
Word by Word
मासःmonth
मासः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
पक्ष-द्वयेनby (means of) two fortnights
पक्ष-द्वयेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + द्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)
उक्तःis said/declared
उक्तः:
Karma (Predicate complement/कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु) → उक्त (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (अस्ति इति अध्याहृतम्)
द्वौtwo
द्वौ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन (Dual)
मासौtwo months
मासौ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन (Dual)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
अर्कजाsolar
अर्कजा:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्क (प्रातिपदिक) + जा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘अर्कात् जाता’ इति (born of the Sun)
ऋतुःseason
ऋतुः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
ऋतु-त्रयम्three seasons
ऋतु-त्रयम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु (प्रातिपदिक) + त्रय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; (त्रयाणां ऋतूनाम् समाहारः)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसम्भावना/समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (particle: also/even)
अयनम्half-year (ayana)
अयनम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअयन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
द्वेtwo
द्वे:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन (Dual)
अयनेtwo half-years
अयने:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअयन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन (Dual)
वर्षम्a year
वर्षम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
Speaker
Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta) (deduced: Māheśvarakhaṇḍa context)
Visual Art Cues
Scene: A sage instructs disciples with a palm-leaf calendar; behind them a cosmic wheel shows pakṣa, ṛtu, ayana, and varṣa as concentric rings, with sun and moon marking cycles.
Characters & Entities
M
māsaP
pakṣaṚ
ṛtuA
ayanaV
varṣaA
arka (sun, implied by arkajā)FAQs
Sacred observances are grounded in ordered time; the cosmos is approached through intelligible cycles.
None; this is a general calendar definition.
None directly; the framework underlies vrata and festival timing.