Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 11

Devanagari script

त एव रुद्रा विज्ञेया इहामुत्राप्यसंशयम् । कृत्वा जागरणं रात्रावीशानेश्वर संनिधौ

Transliteration

ta eva rudrā vijñeyā ihāmutrāpyasaṃśayam | kṛtvā jāgaraṇaṃ rātrāvīśāneśvara saṃnidhau

Translation

ผู้เหล่านั้นพึงรู้แน่ว่าเป็น “รุทระ” จริง—ทั้งในโลกนี้และโลกหน้าโดยไม่ต้องสงสัย—คือผู้ที่ทำการตื่นเฝ้าตลอดราตรี ณ เบื้องพระพักตร์อีศาเนศวร

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम्; सर्वनाम (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)

• एव: indeed, only
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्ययम् (particle of emphasis)

• रुद्राः: Rudras
• रुद्राः: Pratipādya/Predicate (विशेष्य/प्रत्यय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)

• विज्ञेयाः: to be known (as)
• विज्ञेयाः: Pratipādya/Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विज्ञेय (कृदन्त; √ज्ञा (धातु) + वि उपसर्ग; तव्यत्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम्; विधेय-विशेषणम् (Masculine, Nominative, Plural; gerundive ‘to be known’)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb)

• अमुत्र: there (in the other world)
• अमुत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अमुत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्ययम् (particle: also/even)

• असंशयम्: without doubt
• असंशयम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: असंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः (adverbial accusative: ‘without doubt’)

• कृत्वा: having done
• कृत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (absolutive/gerund)

• जागरणम्: vigil, staying awake
• जागरणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जागरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

• रात्रौ: at night
• रात्रौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे सप्तमी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Feminine, Locative, Singular)

• ईशानेश्वर: O Īśāneśvara
• ईशानेश्वर: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईशानेश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषसम्बोधन-प्रयोगः; सम्बोधन-एकवचनम् (Masculine, Vocative, Singular; address)

• संनिधौ: in the presence
• संनिधौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संनिधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे सप्तमी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Masculine, Locative, Singular)

Speaker

Skanda (deduced; Kāśīkhaṇḍa narrative frame)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Īśāneśvara (Kāśī)

Type: temple

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Pilgrimage-inquirer audience (frame sages)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A night scene at Īśāneśvara: devotees seated with lamps, chanting; the liṅga radiates; the vigilant devotees are shown with Rudra-like aura—matted-hair motif or trident-shaped halo—signifying ‘they are Rudras’.

Characters & Entities

• Rudra
• Īśāneśvara
• Kāśī

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Devotional vigilance before Śiva elevates the devotee to Rudra-like sanctity in both worlds.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Kāśī, in the immediate sanctum/sphere of Īśāneśvara.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Performing jāgaraṇa (staying awake in worship) at night near Īśāneśvara.