Skanda Purana — Brahma Khanda, Shloka 110

Devanagari script

स्नात्वांते शिवरात्रौ च निराहारो जितेंद्रियः । कृत्वा जागरणं रात्रौ प्रतियामं विशेषतः

Transliteration

snātvāṃte śivarātrau ca nirāhāro jiteṃdriyaḥ | kṛtvā jāgaraṇaṃ rātrau pratiyāmaṃ viśeṣataḥ

Translation

ครั้นอาบน้ำแล้ว ในคืนศิวราตรี พึงถืออุโบสถงดอาหาร สำรวมอินทรีย์ และทำการตื่นเฝ้าตลอดราตรี—โดยเฉพาะให้รักษาแต่ละยามด้วยความเอาใจใส่ยิ่ง

Word by Word

• स्नात्वा: having bathed
• स्नात्वा: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्ना (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund) — absolutive ‘having bathed’

• अन्ते: at the end
• अन्ते: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Masculine, Locative singular; ‘at the end’

• शिवरात्रौ: on the night of Śiva (Śivarātri)
• शिवरात्रौ: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक) + रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Feminine, Locative singular; ‘on Śivarātri’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction)

• निराहारः: fasting, without food
• निराहारः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर् (उपसर्ग) + आहार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative singular; विशेषणम् (कर्तुः) ‘without food/fasting’

• जितेन्द्रियः: self-controlled (having conquered the senses)
• जितेन्द्रियः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जित (कृदन्त; जि धातोः) + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative singular; बहुव्रीहि ‘यस्य इन्द्रियाणि जितानि सः’ = one whose senses are conquered

• कृत्वा: having done
• कृत्वा: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त — absolutive ‘having done’

• जागरणम्: vigil, staying awake
• जागरणम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जागरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Neuter, Accusative singular

• रात्रौ: at night
• रात्रौ: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Feminine, Locative singular; कालाधिकरण — at night

• प्रति-यामम्: every watch (of the night)
• प्रति-यामम्: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + याम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावसमास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः — indeclinable adverbial compound meaning ‘each watch (of the night)’

• विशेषतः: especially
• विशेषतः: Manner (Prakara/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विशेषतः (अव्यय; विशेष)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण — adverb ‘especially’

Speaker

Sūta (Lomaharṣaṇa) speaking to the sages (contextual attribution)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Setukṣetra (Śivarātri observance)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Night at a Śiva temple near the sea: devotees after bathing sit with lamps, bilva leaves, and rudrākṣa; they remain awake through four watches, chanting and offering; moonlight and temple flames alternate.

Characters & Entities

• Śivarātri

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Devotion expressed through discipline—bathing, fasting, sense-control, and vigil—intensifies the sanctity of Śivarātri observance.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The Setu-region tīrtha context of Adhyāya 30, where bathing is prescribed as part of the vrata.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Snāna, nirāhāra (fasting), jitendriyatā (sense-restraint), and all-night jāgaraṇa, observed yāma by yāma.