Mantra 4
Rishi: Traditionally ascribed to Ṛgvedic seers of Āditya/Agni hymns (Anuvāka-derived); in VS transmission often left implicit
Devata: Agni (primary), Varuṇa (secondary), Uṣas (time-deity marker)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (dominant cadence; liturgical prose-verse hybrid in YV citation)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
स त्वं नो॑ अग्नेऽव॒मो भ॑वो॒ती नेदि॑ष्ठो अ॒स्या उ॒षसो॒ व्यु॒ष्टौ । अव॑ यक्ष्व नो॒ वरु॑ण॒ᳪ ररा॑णो वी॒हि मृ॑डी॒क सु॒हवो॑ न एधि
Transliteration
sa tváṃ no agne’vamá bhavo̱tī nedi̍ṣṭho asyā́ uṣáso vyuṣṭáu | áva yakṣva no váruṇaṃ rárāṇo vīhí mṛḍī́ka suhávo na edhí
Translation
ข้าแต่ อัคนี (Agni) ขอท่านจงเป็นผู้ช่วยของเราผู้ต่ำต้อยที่สุดและใกล้ชิดที่สุด—ใกล้ยิ่ง ณ คราวอุษัส (Uṣas) นี้เมื่ออรุณฉาย. ขอท่านจงบูชายัญเพื่อเราแด่วรุณะ (Varuṇa) ด้วยความยินดี; จงนำความกรุณาอันอ่อนโยนมาสู่ที่นี้; ผู้ถูกอัญเชิญได้โดยง่าย ขอท่านจงเจริญกำลังเพื่อเรา.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
सः । त्वम् । नः । अग्ने । अवमः । भव । उती । नेदिष्ठः । अस्याः । उषसः । व्युष्टौ । अव । यक्ष्व । नः । वरुणम् । रराणः । वीहि । मृडीक । सुहवः । नः । एधि ।
Word by Word
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःof us / for us
नः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
अवमःthe nearest / the lowest (i.e., closest)
अवमः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootअवम (प्रातिपदिक)
भवbe
भव:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
उतीhelp, aid
उती:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootउति (प्रातिपदिक)
नेदिष्ठःthe nearest / most immediate
नेदिष्ठः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootनेदिष्ठ (निदिष्ठ/निदिष्ट-तम; ‘निद्/नेद्’ इत्यस्य अतिशय-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्याःof this
अस्याः:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उषसःof the dawn
उषसः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
व्युष्टौat the dawning / at daybreak
व्युष्टौ:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootव्युष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) / √वस् (उष्) ‘to shine, dawn’ (निष्पन्न-भाव)
अवdown; forth (as an intensifier with the verb)
अव:
(क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअव (उपसर्ग/निपात)
यक्ष्वworship / sacrifice
यक्ष्व:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootयज् (धातु)
नःto us / for us
नः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणम्Varuṇa
वरुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
रराणःrejoicing, delighting
रराणः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple
Root√रम् (धातु) → रराण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; परिपूर्ण/आनन्दित)
वीहिcarry / convey
वीहि:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वह् (धातु) (वि-उपसर्ग) / वैदिक-आज्ञा-रूपम्
मृडीकmercy, graciousness
मृडीक:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृडीक (प्रातिपदिक) (< √मृड् ‘to be gracious’)
सुहवःeasy to invoke, well-invoked
सुहवः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-हव (प्रातिपदिक) (सु + हव ‘well-invoked’)
नःour / of us
नः:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
एधिprosper; be kindled; grow
एधि:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√इध् (धातु) ‘to kindle, prosper’
Entities Mentioned
A
AgniV
VaruṇaU
UṣasRitual Context
Viniyoga (Ritual Application)
Commentary Summary
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes