Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 25

कालमान-निर्णयः

Determination of the Measures of Time

Devanagari script

साक्षाच्छिवस्य तत्संख्यस्तथा सो ऽपि सदाशिवः । चत्वारिंशत्सहस्राणि पञ्चलक्षाणि चायुषि

Transliteration

sākṣācchivasya tatsaṃkhyastathā so 'pi sadāśivaḥ | catvāriṃśatsahasrāṇi pañcalakṣāṇi cāyuṣi

Translation

จำนวนนั้นเป็นของพระศิวะโดยตรง; และพระองค์เองคือสทาศิวะ. อายุของพระองค์กล่าวว่า สี่หมื่นและห้าแสน (ปี).

Word by Word

• sākṣāt: directly, manifestly
• sākṣāt: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sākṣāt (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• śivasya: of Śiva
• śivasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध/Possessive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• tat: that
• tat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally

• saṃkhyaḥ: having that number; equal in number
• saṃkhyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃkhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tathā: thus, likewise
• tathā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

• api: also, even
• api: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात)

• sadāśivaḥ: Sadāśiva
• sadāśivaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition to saḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sadā-śiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारयः: sadā (always) + śiva (Śiva)

• catvāriṃśat-sahasrāṇi: forty thousand
• catvāriṃśat-sahasrāṇi: Karma (कर्म/Object; measure/number)
• Type: Noun
• Root: catvāriṃśat-sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); द्विगु-समासः: catvāriṃśat (forty) + sahasra (thousand)

• pañca-lakṣāṇi: five lakhs
• pañca-lakṣāṇi: Karma (कर्म/Object; measure/number)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pañca-lakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); द्विगु-समासः: pañca (five) + lakṣa (hundred-thousand)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• āyuṣi: in lifespan; in life-duration
• āyuṣi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āyus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Sadāśiva

Cosmic Context

Cosmic Event: assertion of Śiva/Sadāśiva identity across cosmic time-scales

Characters & Entities

• Shiva
• Sadashiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It affirms the identity and supremacy of Śiva as Sadāśiva—highlighting the eternal auspicious Lord who stands beyond ordinary limitation, while still being described through cosmic measures to guide human understanding.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

By naming Sadāśiva, the verse supports Saguna devotion: the same transcendent Śiva is approached through a worshipable, auspicious form—classically represented in Śaiva tradition through the Liṅga as the accessible focus of reverence.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Contemplate Sadāśiva as the ever-auspicious Lord while repeating the Pañcākṣarī mantra (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), using the sense of vast divine time to cultivate detachment and steadiness in japa and meditation.