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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 51

सर्गविभागवर्णनम्

Classification of Creation: the Nine Sargas and the Streams of Beings

तेषां द्वादश वंशाः स्युर्दिव्या देवगणान्विताः । प्रजावन्तः क्रियावन्तो महर्षिभिरलंकृताः । अथ देवासुरपित्ःन्मनुष्यांश्च चतुष्टयम् । सह रुद्रेण सिसृक्षुरंभस्येतानि वै विधिः

teṣāṃ dvādaśa vaṃśāḥ syurdivyā devagaṇānvitāḥ | prajāvantaḥ kriyāvanto maharṣibhiralaṃkṛtāḥ | atha devāsurapitḥnmanuṣyāṃśca catuṣṭayam | saha rudreṇa sisṛkṣuraṃbhasyetāni vai vidhiḥ

จากพวกเขาได้บังเกิดวงศ์สกุลศักดิ์สิทธิ์สิบสองสาย อันมีหมู่เทพแวดล้อม เปี่ยมด้วยบุตรหลาน ขยันในกิจกรรมธรรม และประดับด้วยมหาฤๅษีทั้งหลาย ต่อมา พระผู้กำหนดคือพรหม พร้อมด้วยพระรุทระ ทรงประสงค์จะให้กำเนิดสี่จำพวก—เทพ อสูร ปิตฤ (บรรพชน) และมนุษย์—จากน้ำนิรมลดั้งเดิม

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध/Genitive), बहुवचन
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश (संख्याशब्द-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् संख्याविशेषण; ‘वंशाः’ इत्यस्य विशेषण (twelve)
वंशाःlineages; dynasties
वंशाः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवंश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता/Nominative), बहुवचन
स्युःwould be; are (as stated)
स्युः:
क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
दिव्याःdivine
दिव्याः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ‘vaṃśāḥ’)
देवगणान्विताःaccompanied by groups of gods
देवगणान्विताः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक) + गण (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्वित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तृतीया-तत्पुरुष/उपपद (देवगणैः अन्विताः = accompanied by hosts of gods)
प्रजावन्तःhaving progeny
प्रजावन्तः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रजा (प्रातिपदिक) + वत् (तद्धित)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (possessing progeny)
क्रियावन्तःactive; endowed with rites/actions
क्रियावन्तः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रिया (प्रातिपदिक) + वत् (तद्धित)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (active/ritually engaged)
महर्षिभिःby great sages
महर्षिभिः:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/Instrumental), बहुवचन
अलंकृताःadorned; embellished
अलंकृताः:
क्रियाविशेष्य/विधेय (Predicate/विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootअलम् + कृ (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्यय भूतकृदन्त (Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगार्थ (adjectival predicate)
अथthen
अथ:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction)
देवgods
देव:
समासाङ्ग (Compound member)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक-रूप (समासाङ्ग; not independently declined here)
असुरasuras
असुर:
समासाङ्ग (Compound member)
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक-रूप (समासाङ्ग)
पितॄन्manes; ancestors
पितॄन्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म/Accusative), बहुवचन
मनुष्यांश्humans
मनुष्यांश्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म/Accusative), बहुवचन
and
:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
चतुष्टयम्the set of four
चतुष्टयम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुष्टय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म/Accusative), एकवचन; समूहवाचक
सहtogether with
सह:
सहकारक (Accompaniment)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formसहार्थक-अव्यय (with; governs instrumental)
रुद्रेणwith Rudra
रुद्रेण:
सहकारक (Accompaniment)
TypeNoun
Rootरुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (सह/Instrumental), एकवचन
सिसृक्षुःdesired to create
सिसृक्षुः:
क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसृज् (धातु)
Formसन्-इच्छार्थक धातु (desiderative stem: सिसृक्ष्), लिट्/लुङ्-सम्भाव्य पाठभेदेषु; अत्र लिट्-रूपवत्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद; अर्थः ‘स्रष्टुम् इच्छन्ति’
अम्भसिin the waters
अम्भसि:
अधिकरण (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअम्भस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण/Locative), एकवचन
एतानिthese
एतानि:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म/Accusative), बहुवचन
वैindeed
वै:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
विधिःVidhī (Brahmā); the Ordainer
विधिः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता/Nominative), एकवचन

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Rudra

Cosmic Event: primary creation from the primal waters (āmbhas)

R
Rudra
B
Brahma
D
Devas
A
Asuras
P
Pitrs
H
Humans

FAQs

It frames creation as a sacred, ordered unfolding in which Rudra is not merely destructive but a divine principle present even in manifestation—showing that all beings (devas, asuras, Pitṛs, humans) arise within the same cosmic governance and can turn toward liberation by right action and grace.

By presenting Rudra as co-present in creation, the verse supports Saguna Shiva devotion: worship of the Linga honors the immanent Lord who pervades the cosmos and guides beings through dharma and spiritual discipline toward realizing Shiva as Pati (the Supreme).

The emphasis on being “kriyāvān” (engaged in sacred duties) points to regular Shaiva practice—daily Shiva-puja to the Linga with bhasma (Tripuṇḍra), japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), and remembrance of Rudra as the inner governor of all actions.