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Shloka 18

Arjuna–Gaṇa Saṃvāda: Bāṇādhikāra, Tāpasa-veṣa, and the Ethics of Tapas (अर्जुन-गणसंवादः)

ईदृशांश्च बहून्बाणांस्तदा दातुं क्षमः स्वयम् । राजा च वर्तते मेऽद्य किं त्वेवं याच्यते त्वया

īdṛśāṃśca bahūnbāṇāṃstadā dātuṃ kṣamaḥ svayam | rājā ca vartate me'dya kiṃ tvevaṃ yācyate tvayā

เราสามารถประทานศรเช่นนี้ได้มากมายด้วยตนเอง อีกทั้งวันนี้พระราชาก็อยู่กับเรา—เหตุใดเจ้าจึงมาขอเราด้วยถ้อยคำเช่นนี้?

ईदृशान्such
ईदृशान्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootईदृश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Accusative plural: such)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (and)
बहून्many
बहून्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Accusative plural: many)
बाणान्arrows
बाणान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootबाण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Accusative plural)
तदाthen
तदा:
Kala (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (adverb of time: then)
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
TypeVerb
Root√दा (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive); प्रयोजनार्थ (to give)
क्षमःcapable
क्षमः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (capable)
स्वयम्himself
स्वयम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; आत्मवाचक (reflexive adverb: oneself)
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Nominative singular)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (and)
वर्ततेis present/exists
वर्तते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वृत् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद (exists/is present)
मेfor me/my
मे:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी/चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (enclitic: my/to me); अत्र षष्ठी (with ‘अद्य’: ‘in my case/for me’)
अद्यtoday/now
अद्य:
Kala (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (today/now)
किम्why/what
किम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (why/what)
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विरोध/पुनरुक्ति (but/however)
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Prakara (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus/in this manner)
याच्यतेis being requested
याच्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√याच् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive): ‘is requested/asked’
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Kartr (कर्ता; passive-agent/कर्तृकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Instrumental singular: by you)

A royal/warrior figure addressing a petitioner (narrative voice relayed by Sūta Gosvāmin in Śiva Purāṇa)

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

K
King

FAQs

The verse highlights discernment and proper intention in seeking help: a seeker should approach the rightful source with humility and clarity, rather than asking inappropriately when authority and means are already present.

Indirectly, it echoes a core devotional principle: in Saguna worship one approaches Śiva (the competent giver of grace) in the proper manner—requesting boons through dharmic conduct and reverent petition rather than entitlement.

A practical takeaway is disciplined speech and intention (saṃyama) before prayer—begin requests after centering the mind with japa of the Pañcākṣarī mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya,” then ask only what supports dharma.