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Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 39

बाणासुरस्य क्रोधाज्ञा तथा अन्तःपुरयुद्धारम्भः

Bāṇāsura’s Wrathful Command and the Onset of Battle at the Inner Palace

शिवस्सर्वेश्वरस्साक्षी कर्मणां परमेश्वरः । तदधीनमिदं सर्वं जगद्वै सचराचरम्

śivassarveśvarassākṣī karmaṇāṃ parameśvaraḥ | tadadhīnamidaṃ sarvaṃ jagadvai sacarācaram

พระศิวะทรงเป็นพระเป็นเจ้าแห่งสรรพสิ่ง เป็นสักขีผู้รู้แจ้ง และเป็นผู้ปกครองสูงสุดเหนือกรรมทั้งปวง จักรวาลทั้งหมด ทั้งที่เคลื่อนไหวและไม่เคลื่อนไหว ล้วนขึ้นอยู่กับพระองค์เท่านั้น

शिवःŚiva
शिवः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootशिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
सर्व-ईश्वरःlord of all
सर्व-ईश्वरः:
Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वेश्वर (प्रातिपदिक) = सर्व + ईश्वर
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
साक्षीwitness
साक्षी:
Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
कर्मणाम्of actions
कर्मणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)
परम-ईश्वरःsupreme lord
परम-ईश्वरः:
Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootपरमेश्वर (प्रातिपदिक) = परम + ईश्वर
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
तत्-अधीनम्dependent on him
तत्-अधीनम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootतदधीन (प्रातिपदिक) = तत् + अधीन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective)
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective)
जगत्the world
जगत्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject/apposition to idam sarvam)
TypeNoun
Rootजगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
स-चर-अचरम्with the moving and the unmoving
स-चर-अचरम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसचराचर (प्रातिपदिक) = स + चर + अचर
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective)

Suta Goswami (narrating Shiva’s supremacy within the Yuddhakhaṇḍa context)

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Sadāśiva

Significance: Contemplation of Śiva as sākṣin and karmādhipati is presented as a purifier of agency and a support for surrender leading toward anugraha.

Mantra: śivassarveśvarassākṣī karmaṇāṃ parameśvaraḥ | tadadhīnamidaṃ sarvaṃ jagadvai sacarācaram

Type: stotra

Role: liberating

S
Shiva

FAQs

It establishes Śiva as Pati—the supreme Lord and inner Witness—showing that karma and the entire cosmos function under His sovereignty; recognizing Him as sākṣī turns worldly action toward liberation through surrender and right understanding.

The Liṅga symbolizes Śiva as the all-pervading witness and lord beyond change; worship of Saguna Śiva (with form) trains devotion and surrender so that one realizes the same Śiva as the formless sākṣī governing all karma.

Practice sākṣī-bhāva (witness meditation) while offering daily actions to Śiva with the Pañcākṣarī mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya,” ideally alongside Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and rudrākṣa as reminders of detachment and devotion.