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Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 12

दीक्षितपुत्रस्य दैन्यचिन्ता तथा शिवरात्र्युपासनाप्रसङ्गः / The Initiate’s Son in Distress and the Occasion of Śivarātri Worship

पक्वान्नगंधमाघ्राय यज्ञदत्तात्मजो द्विजः । पितृत्यक्तो मातृहीनः क्षुधितः स तमन्वगात्

pakvānnagaṃdhamāghrāya yajñadattātmajo dvijaḥ | pitṛtyakto mātṛhīnaḥ kṣudhitaḥ sa tamanvagāt

เมื่อได้กลิ่นหอมของอาหารสุกแล้ว พราหมณ์หนุ่มผู้เป็นบุตรของยัชญทัตตะ—ถูกบิดาทอดทิ้ง ไร้มารดา และถูกความหิวเผาผลาญ—ก็เดินตามเขาไป

पक्वान्नगन्धम्the smell of cooked food
पक्वान्नगन्धम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपक्व + अन्न + गन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—पक्वस्य अन्नस्य गन्धः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष, बहुपद)
आघ्रायhaving smelled
आघ्राय:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-घ्रा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘having smelled’
यज्ञदत्तात्मजःson of Yajñadatta
यज्ञदत्तात्मजः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञदत्त + आत्मज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—यज्ञदत्तस्य आत्मजः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)
द्विजःa brāhmaṇa (twice-born)
द्विजः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
पितृत्यक्तःabandoned by his father
पितृत्यक्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootपितृ + त्यक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—पित्रा त्यक्तः / पितृभिः त्यक्तः (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष)
मातृहीनःwithout a mother
मातृहीनः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootमातृ + हीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—मातृवर्जितः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/नञर्थक-भाव)
क्षुधितःhungry
क्षुधितः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुधित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
अन्वगात्followed
अन्वगात्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-गम् (धातु)
Formलङ् (भूतकाल/Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

Sthala Purana: Not a site-legend; the verse introduces the suffering brahmin youth whose deprivation sets the stage for Śiva’s grace operating through a devotee’s ritual context.

Significance: Didactic emphasis: extreme lack (hunger, abandonment) exemplifies the paśu under pāśa; proximity to Śiva-worship becomes the turning point toward anugraha.

Offering: naivedya

Y
Yajñadatta

FAQs

It portrays the soul in distress—driven by lack and longing—moving toward a source of support; in Shaiva thought, such suffering often ripens humility and becomes the doorway to seeking Pati (Shiva), the true refuge beyond worldly dependence.

Though the verse is narrative, it sets the human condition—hunger, abandonment, and vulnerability—that Saguna Shiva compassionately answers through accessible worship (Linga, mantra, vrata), where the devotee turns from mere sense-driven pursuit to divine shelter.

As a practical takeaway, redirect craving into devotion: remember Shiva with the Panchakshara mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya,” and offer simple naivedya with a prayer for inner nourishment (jnana and bhakti) rather than only bodily satisfaction.