Mantra 1
Pavamāna Soma’s purifying flow aligned with the dawning of the rite
एता उ त्या उषसः केतुमक्रत पूर्वे अर्धे रजसो भानुमञ्जते निष्कृण्वाना आयुधानीव धृष्णवः प्रति गावो ऽरुषीर्यन्ति मातरः
etā u tyā uṣasaḥ ketumakrata pūrve ardhe rajaso bhānumañjate niṣkṛṇvānā āyudhānīva dhṛṣṇavaḥ prati gāvo 'ruṣīryanti mātaraḥ
etā u tyā uṣasaḥ ketum akrata pūrve ardhe rajaso bhānum añjate | niṣkṛṇvānā āyudhānīva dhṛṣṇavaḥ prati gāvo 'ruṣīr yanti mātaraḥ ||
อุษาสเหล่านี้แลได้ตั้งสัญญาณของตนแล้ว; ในแดนเบื้องหน้าของเวหา นางจัดวางรัศมีอันรุ่งเรือง. กล้าหาญดุจชักอาวุธ โคเพศเมียสีแดง—เหล่าแม่—ก้าวมุ่งเข้ามา.
etāḥ | u | tyāḥ | uṣasaḥ | ketum | akrata | pūrve | ardhe | rajasaḥ | bhānum | añjate | niṣ-kṛṇvānāḥ | āyudhāni | iva | dhṛṣṇavaḥ | prati | gāvaḥ | aruṣīḥ | yanti | mātaraḥ
Unknown/unspecified
{ "prastava": "(stobha-led dawn prelude; exact gāna-dependent)", "udgitha": "etā u tyā uṣasaḥ ketum akrata…", "pratihara": "(response often stabilizing on uṣasaḥ / bhānum)", "upadrava": "niṣkṛṇvānā āyudhānīva dhṛṣṇavaḥ…", "nidhana": "… aruṣīr yanti mātaraḥ (settling, forward-moving cadence)", "structure_notes": "Natural caesura after bhānum añjate; ‘mātaraḥ’ provides a soft, maternal closing color for nidhana.", "singer_assignments": "Standard fivefold; collective nidhana can be slightly softened to convey ‘motherly rays’." }
{ "gloss_summary": "The Dawns produce their sign (ketu); in the earlier sky-region they arrange radiance; like bold warriors drawing weapons, the ruddy ‘cows’ (rays), called mothers, advance.", "ritual_interpretation": "ketu marks commencement of morning rites; aruṣīr gāvaḥ are figurative red rays enabling visibility for ritual acts.", "theological_insight": "Cosmic order manifests first as sign, then as structured light—revealing dharma and enabling yajña.", "etymology_highlights": "ketu as ‘banner/sign’; añjate from √añj ‘anoint/brighten/array’—light as ornamentation of the sky." }