Rig Veda 8.51.8: Mandala 8, Sukta 51, Mantra 8

Sukta 8.51

Rishi: Kanva tradition (Kāṇva); specific rishi for 8.51 uncertain in this excerpt

Devata: Indra (victor over Śuṣṇa; establisher of heaven’s wideness)

Chandas: Jagatī/Tr̥ṣṭubh probable; requires scan

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र यो ननक्षे अभ्योजसा क्रिविं वधैः शुष्णं निघोषयन् । यदेदस्तम्भीत्प्रथयन्नमूं दिवमादिज्जनिष्ट पार्थिवः ॥

Transliteration

prá yó nanakṣé abhy ójasā kríviṃ vadháiḥ śúṣṇaṃ ni-ghoṣáyan | yadéd astambhīt pratháyann amū́ṃ dívam ā́d íj janiṣṭa pā́rthivaḥ ||

Translation

เขาก้าวไปข้างหน้า; ด้วยแรงขับอันเร่งเร้า เขาฟาดฟันคริวี (Krivi) และด้วยการโจมตีของเขา ทำให้ศุษณะ (Śuṣṇa) คำรามกึกก้องจนพ่ายพัง. ครั้นเขาตรึงและแผ่ขยายฟากฟ้านั้นให้มั่นคง จากการกระทำนั้นเอง รากฐานแห่งแผ่นดินจึงบังเกิดขึ้น.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• ननक्षे: has reached/attained
• ननक्षे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: नश् (धातु; Vedic: ‘to reach/attain’)

• अभि: towards, against
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (upasarga)

• ओजसा: with might/strength
• ओजसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओजस् (prātipadika)

• क्रिविम्: Kṛvi (a foe/being named Kṛvi)
• क्रिविम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रिवि (prātipadika; proper name/epithet in RV)

• वधैः: with blows/weapons
• वधैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध (prātipadika)

• शुष्णम्: Śuṣṇa (the demon)
• शुष्णम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्ण (prātipadika; demon-name)

• निघोषयन्: causing to resound; thundering/roaring down
• निघोषयन्: Kartā (participial, agreeing with यः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: घुष्/घोष् (धातु ‘to sound’), causative stem घोषय- with नि-

• यत्: when/that
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (relative)

• इदः: of this
• इदः: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (sarvanāma)

• तम्भीत्: propped/steadied; made firm
• तम्भीत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तम्भ् (धातु ‘to prop, make firm’)

• प्रथयन्: spreading, extending
• प्रथयन्: Kartā (participial, agreeing with यः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पृथु/प्रथ् (धातu ‘to spread, broaden’), causative/denominative-like stem प्रथय-

• अमूम्: that (yonder)
• अमूम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अदस् (sarvanāma)

• दिवम्: heaven, sky
• दिवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (prātipadika)

• आत्: then, thereupon
• आत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आत् (particle)

• इत्: indeed, just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (particle)

• जनिष्ट: was born/arose
• जनिष्ट: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु ‘to be born, arise’)

• पार्थिवः: the earthly one; terrestrial (one)
• पार्थिवः: Kartā (of जनिष्ट)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पार्थिव (prātipadika from पृथिवी)