Rig Veda 8.40.10 — Mandala 8, Sukta 40, Mantra 10
Sukta 8.40
Rishi: Nabhāka (traditional)
Devata: Indra (explicit Śuṣṇa-slaying motif)
Chandas: Jagatī (probable; needs metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तं शिशीता सुवृक्तिभिस्त्वेषं सत्वानमृग्मियम् । उतो नु चिद्य ओजसा शुष्णस्याण्डानि भेदति जेषत्स्वर्वतीरपो नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥
Transliteration
táṃ śiśītā suvṛ́ktibhis tveṣáṃ satvā́nam ṛ́gmiyam | utó nu cíd yá ójasā śúṣṇasyā́ṇḍāni bhédati jéṣat svàr-vatīr apó nábhantām anyaké samé ||
Translation
จงลับคมท่านด้วยถ้อยคำที่ร้อยเรียงดี—ผู้พุ่งพล่าน ผู้ทรงพลัง ผู้ควรแก่บทสรรเสริญ. เพราะแม้บัดนี้ ผู้ซึ่งด้วยฤทธิ์ทำลายไข่ของศุษณะ (Śuṣṇa) ย่อมพิชิตสายน้ำที่อุ้มฟ้าอันสว่างไสว; ขอให้สิ่งอื่นทั้งหลายจงกระจัดกระจายในทุ่งเดียวกันนั้น.
Word by Word
तम्him
तम्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शिशीतsharpen/prepare (him)
शिशीत:
(कर्तृ-आदेशः) — ‘you (should) sharpen/prepare’
TypeVerb
Root√शा/शी (शा-धातु, ‘to sharpen/prepare’; Vedic: शिशीते/शिशीत)
सुवृक्तिभिःwith well-made hymns
सुवृक्तिभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootसु-वृक्ति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good hymn/utterance’)
त्वेषम्fierce, impetuous
त्वेषम्:
कर्म (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वेष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impetuous, blazing’)
सत्वानम्the strong/valiant one
सत्वानम्:
कर्म (विशेषणम्)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसत्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strong/valiant being, strong one’)
ऋग्मियम्hymn-worthy, praiseworthy
ऋग्मियम्:
कर्म (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋग्मिय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worthy of ṛc, hymn-worthy/praiseworthy’)
उतोand also
उतो:
सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ + तो (निपात-समुच्चय; Vedic connective)
नुnow, indeed
नु:
सम्बन्ध (उद्बोधन/निश्चयार्थक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात)
चित्even
चित्:
सम्बन्ध (अपि-अर्थे)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात; ‘even’)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ओजसाby (his) might
ओजसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootओजस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘might, strength’)
शुष्णस्यof Śuṣṇa
शुष्णस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeProper Noun
Rootशुष्ण (प्रातिपदिक; demon-name Śuṣṇa)
अण्डानिeggs/balls
अण्डानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअण्ड (प्रातिपदिक; ‘egg/testicle; Vedic: eggs/balls’)
भेदतिsplits
भेदति:
(क्रिया) — कर्म = अण्डानि
TypeVerb
Root√भिद् (to split)
जेषत्may (he) conquer
जेषत्:
(क्रिया) — ‘may he conquer’
TypeVerb
Root√जि (to conquer)
स्वर्वतीःsun-bright, heaven-bright
स्वर्वतीः:
कर्म (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वर्वती (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having sunlight/heavenly light’; also ‘sun-bright’)
अपःthe waters
अपः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘waters’)
नभन्ताम्let (them) burst forth/stream
नभन्ताम्:
(क्रिया) — कर्तृ = अपः
TypeVerb
Root√नभ् (Vedic; ‘to burst forth/spring, gush’; also ‘to shine’ in some contexts)
अन्यकेelsewhere, in another place
अन्यके:
अधिकारण
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअन्यक (प्रातिपदिक; ‘another/elsewhere’; Vedic locative)
समेon the level ground / in the plain
समे:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘level, plain’; also ‘battle’ in some Vedic uses)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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