Rig Veda 7.1.12: Mandala 7, Sukta 1, Mantra 12

Sukta 7.1

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭhas)

Devata: Agni (with Aśvins as assisting powers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यमश्वी नित्यमुपयाति यज्ञं प्रजावन्तं स्वपत्यं क्षयं नः । स्वजन्मना शेषसा वावृधानम् ॥

Transliteration

yám aśvī́ nítyam upayā́ti yajñáṃ prajā́vantaṃ svapatyáṃ kṣáyaṃ naḥ | svájānmanā śéṣasā vāvṛdhānám ||

Translation

ผู้ซึ่งเทพม้าคู่ อัศวิน (Aśvins) เข้าประชิดพิธีบูชาอยู่เนืองนิตย์—ขอให้ผู้นั้นเป็นเคหสถาน (kṣaya) แก่เรา อุดมด้วยบุตรภายในและความเป็นนายเรือนอันแท้จริง; ผู้บังเกิดด้วยตนเอง (svajanmanā) เจริญงอกงามด้วยพลังที่เหลืออยู่ของตน (śeṣasa) จนถึงความบริบูรณ์.

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Word by Word

• यमश्वी: the Yama-horsed one (having Yama’s horses / having horses named Yama)
• यमश्वी: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: यमश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक) < यम (यम- ‘यम/यमराज’ अथवा ‘यम’ मूल) + अश्विन् (अश्व ‘horse’ से) (बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास)

• नित्यम्: always, continually
• नित्यम्: अधिक्ररण (काल-निर्देश) / क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Adverb
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• उपयाति: approaches, comes near
• उपयाति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु) ‘to go’ + उप (उपसर्ग)

• यज्ञम्: the sacrifice, ritual offering
• यज्ञम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक) < यज् (धातु) ‘to worship/sacrifice’

• प्रजावन्तम्: endowed with offspring/progeny
• प्रजावन्तम्: कर्म (यज्ञम्-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रजावत् (प्रातिपदिक) = प्रजा + वत्

• स्वपत्यम्: good lordship/household prosperity
• स्वपत्यम्: कर्म (यज्ञम्-विशेषण)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: स्वपत्य (प्रातिपदिक) (स्व + पत्य/पत् ‘lordship/household’)

• क्षयम्: dwelling, home, abode
• क्षयम्: कर्म (उपयाति इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षय (प्रातिपदिक) < क्षि (धातु) ‘to dwell/settle’ (वैदिक: ‘abode, home’)

• नः: of us, our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• स्वजन्मना: by/with (his) own birth/nature
• स्वजन्मना: करण
• Type: Noun (instrumental phrase)
• Root: स्वजन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) = स्व + जन्मन्

• शेषसा: with the remainder/surplus (resources)
• शेषसा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेषस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘remainder, what is left; surplus’

• वावृधानम्: growing, increasing, being strengthened
• वावृधानम्: कर्म (विशेषण)
• Type: Participle
• Root: वृध् (धातु) ‘to grow, increase’ (परिपूर्ण/आवृत्ति-प्रयोग: वावृध्)