Rig Veda 4.28.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 28, Mantra 1
Sukta 4.28
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for RV 4.28)
Devata: Indra-Soma (Indra empowered by Soma)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
त्वा युजा तव तत्सोम सख्य इन्द्रो अपो मनवे सस्रुतस्कः । अहन्नहिमरिणात्सप्त सिन्धूनपावृणोदपिहितेव खानि ॥
Transliteration
tvā́ yujā́ táva tát soma sakhyé índro apó mánave sasrútaskaḥ | áhann áhim áriṇāt saptá síndhūn ápāvṛṇod ápihiteva khā́ni ||
Translation
ด้วยท่านเป็นสหายร่วมแอก ในมิตรภาพนั้น โอ โสมะ อินทราทำให้น้ำทั้งหลายไหลออกเพื่อมานุ. เขาสังหารผู้รัดรึงและปลดปล่อยแม่น้ำทั้งเจ็ด; เขาเปิดร่องทางที่ถูกปิดกั้น ราวกับเปิดสิ่งที่ถูกปิดไว้.
Word by Word
त्वाthee/you
त्वा:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → त्वद्
युजाas/with a yokefellow, as companion
युजा:
करण
TypeNoun (instrumental) / Adjectival noun
Rootयुज् (धातु) → युज्/युज्- (कृदन्त: युज् + क्तिन्/क्त्वा?; here instr. of युज्- ‘yoke/companion’)
तवof you/your
तव:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → त्वद्
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म (as object ‘that [deed/thing]’) / or apposition
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सोमO Soma
सोम:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootसोम (प्रातिपदिक)
सख्येin friendship, in alliance
सख्ये:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootसख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अपःthe waters
अपः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअप् (प्रातिपदिक)
मनवेfor Manu (mankind)
मनवे:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootमनु (प्रातिपदिक)
सस्रुतस्कःswift-flowing/impetuous (as one who has rushed forth)
सस्रुतस्कः:
कर्ता-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसस्- (धातु ‘to flow/run’) + स्रुत (ppp) + -स्क (वेदिक विशेषण-प्रत्यय)
अहन्he smote/slayed
अहन्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
अहिम्the serpent (Vṛtra)
अहिम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअहि (प्रातिपदिक)
अरिणात्he set free/caused to move (released)
अरिणात्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootऋ (धातु ‘to set in motion/raise’; caus./intensive in Vedic) → अरि-णि-
सप्तseven
सप्त:
विशेषण
TypeNumeral
Rootसप्तन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
सिन्धून्rivers/streams
सिन्धून्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
अपावृणोत्he opened/uncovered
अपावृणोत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (धातु) + अप (उपसर्ग)
अपिहितcovered, shut
अपिहित:
कर्म-विशेषण
TypeParticiple (adjectival)
Rootधा/हि (धातु ‘to place’; ppp ‘apihita’ = ‘covered/closed’) with अपि-
इवlike, as
इव:
सम्बन्ध/उपमान
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
खानिopenings, channels, cavities
खानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootख (प्रातिपदिक) / खानि (नपुं. बहु.)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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