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Rig Veda 10.55.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 55, Mantra 2

Sukta 10.55

Devata: Indra or a supreme formative principle within the hymn; requires hymn-level confirmation
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable)

महत्तन्नाम गुह्यं पुरुस्पृग्येन भूतं जनयो येन भव्यम् । प्रत्नं जातं ज्योतिर्यदस्य प्रियं प्रियाः समविशन्त पञ्च ॥

mahát tán nā́ma gúhyaṃ puru-spṛ́g yéna bhūtáṃ jánayo yéna bhávyam | prátnam jātáṃ jyótir yád asya priyáṃ priyā́ḥ sám aviśanta páñca ||

นามอันเร้นลับนั้นยิ่งใหญ่ สัมผัสสิ่งมากมาย; ด้วยนามนั้นท่านก่อกำเนิดสิ่งที่เคยเป็นมา และด้วยนามนั้นสิ่งที่จะเป็นไป. แสงโบราณที่บังเกิดขึ้น—ที่ประทับอันเป็นที่รักของเขา—เหล่าผู้เป็นที่รักทั้งห้าพร้อมใจกันเข้าสู่ที่นั้น.

महत्great
महत्:
Karma (तत् का विशेषण) / विधेय-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक; मह् ‘to be great’ से)
तत्that (thing, principle)
तत्:
Karma (वस्तु/तत्त्व) / विषय
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नामname
नाम:
Karma (apposition to तत्) / विशेष्य
TypeNoun
Rootनामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
गुह्यम्secret, hidden
गुह्यम्:
Karma (नाम का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootगुह्य (गुह् ‘to hide’ से; कृत्/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
पुरुस्पृग्येनby/with the widely-reaching (power)
पुरुस्पृग्येन:
Karaṇa (येन… भूतम्—करण/हेतु-भाव)
TypeAdjective (instrumental qualifier)
Rootपुरुस्पृग्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘many-touching/ widely-reaching’)
भूतम्become, come into being
भूतम्:
Karma/विधेय (तत्/नाम के लिए ‘become/come-to-be’)
TypeParticiple (past passive) used adjectivally
Rootभू (धातु) → भूत (कृदन्त; भूत = ‘become’)
जनयःbegetters, progenitors
जनयः:
Kartā (समविशन्त का कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजनय (प्रातिपदिक; जन ‘to be born’ से; ‘begetters/creators’)
येनby which
येन:
Karaṇa (येन… भव्यं—‘by which’)
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
भव्यम्what is to be, future
भव्यम्:
Karma/विधेय (तत्/नाम के लिए ‘that which is to be’)
TypeAdjective/participle (future sense)
Rootभू (धातु) → भव्यम् (कृदन्त; भविष्यत्-अर्थ ‘to be, future’)
प्रत्नम्ancient, primeval
प्रत्नम्:
Karma (जातं का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
जातम्born, arisen
जातम्:
Karma/विधेय (तत्/ज्योतिः के लिए ‘born’)
TypeParticiple (past passive)
Rootजन् (धातु) → जात (कृदन्त; PPP)
ज्योतिःlight
ज्योतिः:
Karma/विशेष्य (जातम् का विशेष्य; ‘light’)
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्which, that
यत्:
Karma/सम्बन्ध (यद्… प्रियं—‘which/that’)
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्यof him/it
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of him/it’)
TypePronoun (genitive)
Rootइदम्/अदस्-सम्बद्ध सर्वनाम ‘अस्य’ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
प्रियम्dear, beloved
प्रियम्:
Karma (समविशन्त का कर्म; ‘the dear (thing)’)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रियाःthe dear ones, beloved (ones)
प्रियाः:
Kartā (समविशन्त का कर्ता; ‘the dear ones’)
TypeAdjective used substantively
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
समविशन्तentered together, came into
समविशन्त:
क्रिया (मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + विश् (धातु) ‘to enter’
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
विशेषण (प्रियाः/जनयः का संख्याविशेषण)
TypeNumeral (indeclinable in Vedic usage here)
Rootपञ्चन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

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