Rig Veda 10.53.5: Mandala 10, Sukta 53, Mantra 5

Sukta 10.53

Rishi: Agni/Hotṛ-centered cycle (speaker representing the sacrificers seeking the true Hotṛ/Agni)

Devata: Protective powers of the cosmic planes (Pṛthivī, Antarikṣa) invoked as guardians; also the collective ‘pañca janāḥ’

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पञ्च जना मम होत्रं जुषन्तां गोजाता उत ये यज्ञियासः । पृथिवी नः पार्थिवात्पात्वंहसोऽन्तरिक्षं दिव्यात्पात्वस्मान् ॥

Transliteration

páñca janā́ máma hótraṃ juṣantāṃ gójātā utá yé yajñíyāsaḥ | pṛthivī́ naḥ pārthivā́t pātv áṃhasaḥ antárikṣaṃ divyā́t pātv asmā́n ||

Translation

ขอชนทั้งห้าหมู่จงยินดีในถ้อยคำบูชาของข้าพเจ้า—ทั้งผู้บังเกิดจากรัศมี และผู้ควรแก่ยัญญะ. ขอแผ่นดินคุ้มครองเราจากภัยอันเป็นของโลก; ขออันตริกษะ (แดนกลาง) คุ้มครองเราจากภัยอันเป็นของสวรรค์.

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Word by Word

• पञ्च: five
• पञ्च: Kartā (समूह-कर्तृ)
• Type: Adjective (numeral)
• Root: पञ्चन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• जनाः: peoples, men
• जनाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)

• मम: of me, my
• मम: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• होत्रम्: invocation/oblation; priestly office (hotra)
• होत्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: होत्र (प्रातिपदिक; √हु ‘to offer’ से)

• जुषन्ताम्: let them enjoy/accept
• जुषन्ताम्: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जुष् (सेवने/प्रीतौ)

• गोजाताः: born of cows; cattle-born (i.e., of bovine lineage/wealth)
• गोजाताः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective (past participial)
• Root: गोजात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; गो + √जन् ‘to be born’)

• उत: and also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (निपात)

• ये: who
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यज्ञियासः: worthy of sacrifice; fit to be worshipped
• यज्ञियासः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यज्ञिय (प्रातिपदिक; यज्ञ ‘sacrifice’ से)

• पृथिवी: Earth
• पृथिवी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us, our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पार्थिवात्: from what is earthly/terrestrial
• पार्थिवात्: Apādāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पार्थिव (प्रातिपदिक; पृथिवी-सम्बन्धी)

• पातु: let (her/it) protect
• पातु: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (रक्षणे)

• अंहसः: from distress/sin/evil
• अंहसः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंहस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अन्तरिक्षम्: midspace, atmosphere
• अन्तरिक्षम्: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तरिक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• दिव्यात्: from what is heavenly/sky-born
• दिव्यात्: Apādāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक; दिव् ‘heaven’ से)

• पातु: let it protect
• पातु: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (रक्षणे)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)