Shloka 51

युद्धे अङ्गद-मैन्द-द्विविद-राक्षसयुद्धम्; कुम्भस्य प्रादुर्भावः तथा सुग्रीवेण पराभवः

Sarga 76: Angada and the Vanara chiefs battle Kampana, Prajaṅgha, Yūpākṣa, Śoṇitākṣa; Kumbha enters and is checked by Sugrīva

Devanagari script

आपतन्तं च ससम्प्रेक्ष्यकुम्भोवानरयूथपम् ।भ्रुवोर्विव्याथबाणाभ्यामुल्काभ्यामिवकुञ्जरम् ।।।।

Transliteration

āpatantaṃ ca sa samprekṣya kumbho vānarayūthapam |

bhruvor vivyādha bāṇābhyām ulkābhyām iva kuñjaram ||

Translation

ครั้นเห็นจอมทัพวานรพุ่งเข้ามา กุมภะก็ยิงศรสองดอกเจาะทะลุคิ้วทั้งสอง—ดุจช้างถูกฟาดด้วยคบเพลิงที่ลุกโชติช่วงสองอัน

Word by Word

• आपतन्तम्: coming/charging
• आपतन्तम्: कर्म-विशेषणम् (Qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आपत् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तम् (Present active participle); पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying वानरयूथपम्)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम्

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: having observed
• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्+प्रेक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभावः (Gerund/absolutive); 'having observed'

• कुम्भः: Kumbha
• कुम्भः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• वानरयूथपम्: the monkey-troop leader
• वानरयूथपम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर-यूथप (प्रातिपदिक; वानर + यूथप)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• भ्रुवोः: on the two eyebrows
• भ्रुवोः: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, षष्ठी/सप्तमी-द्विवचनम् (Genitive/Locative dual); here सप्तमी (location): 'on the two brows'

• विव्याथ: pierced
• विव्याथ: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यध् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• बाणाभ्याम्: with two arrows
• बाणाभ्याम्: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, तृतीया, द्विवचनम् (Instrumental dual)

• उल्काभ्याम्: like two firebrands/meteors
• उल्काभ्याम्: उपमान (Upamāna/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उल्का (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, तृतीया, द्विवचनम्; उपमान (instrumental of comparison)

• इव: like
• इव: सम्बन्ध (Comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-वाचक-अव्ययम् (comparative particle)

• कुञ्जरम्: an elephant
• कुञ्जरम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुञ्जर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; उपमेय (thing compared)

Context

Kumbha observing the Vanara leader coming towards him attacked him with fire sticks and pierced his eyebrows.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbha
• Angada

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights battlefield dharma as a test of steadiness and courage: a warrior meets an onrushing opponent directly, and the opponent must endure pain without abandoning rightful duty.

What is the narrative situation?

In the Lanka war, Kumbha confronts Angada as Angada charges; Kumbha counters by shooting two arrows that pierce Angada’s brows.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Angada’s fearlessness is implied—he advances despite danger—while Kumbha’s martial readiness and swift counterattack are foregrounded.