Shloka 14

Devanagari script

स्वभावजरयायुक्तंवृद्धंशरशतैश्चितम् ।प्रजापतिसुतंवीरंशाम्यन्तमिवपावकम् ।।6.74.14।।दृष्टवातमुपसङ्ग्रम्यपौलस्त्योवाक्यमब्रवीत् ।

Transliteration

svabhāvajarayā yuktaṃ vṛddhaṃ śaraśataiś citam |

prajāpatisutaṃ vīraṃ śāmyantam iva pāvakam ||6.74.14||

dṛṣṭvā tam upasaṅgramya paulastyo vākyam abravīt |

Translation

เขาได้เห็นชามพวัน—ชราตามธรรมแห่งกาล ถูกลูกศรนับร้อยปักแน่น—วีรบุตรแห่งประชาปติ ประหนึ่งไฟที่กำลังมอดลง ครั้นเห็นแล้ว เปาลัสตยะ (วิภีษณะ) จึงเข้าไปใกล้และกล่าววาจาแก่เขา

Word by Word

• स्वभावजरया: by natural old age
• स्वभावजरया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वभाव + जरा (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (स्वभावेन जरा/‘natural old age’), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• युक्तम्: endowed/afflicted
• युक्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘endowed/connected’ (qualifying ‘tam’)

• वृद्धम्: aged
• वृद्धम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• शरशतैः: with hundreds of arrows
• शरशतैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर + शत (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: द्विगु-समास (शतानि शराणाम्/‘hundreds of arrows’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• चितम्: covered/filled
• चितम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चि (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्तान्त कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘heaped/covered’

• प्रजापतिसुतम्: son of Prajāpati
• प्रजापतिसुतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजापति + सुत (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (प्रजापतेः सुतम्), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• वीरम्: heroic
• वीरम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• शाम्यन्तम्: subsiding
• शाम्यन्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शम् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘subsiding/cooling’

• इव: like/as
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, उपमा-वाचक (comparative particle)

• पावकम्: fire
• पावकम्: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पावक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वान्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘having seen’

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• उपसङ्ग्रम्य: approaching
• उपसङ्ग्रम्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + सम् + गम् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘approaching/going near’

• पौलस्त्यः: Paulastya (Rāvaṇa)
• पौलस्त्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौलस्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वाक्यम्: speech/words
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Context

"O Noble Jambavan! Indeed, your life has not been afflicted with these sharp arrows." Hearing this, Jambavan uttered these words with difficulty."

Characters & Entities

• Jāmbavān
• Vibhīṣaṇa (Paulastya)
• Prajāpati

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes honoring and tending elders and leaders, especially when they are weakened—compassion is not suspended in wartime.

What is the narrative situation?

Jāmbavān is found grievously wounded; Vibhīṣaṇa comes close to address him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vibhīṣaṇa’s respectful attentiveness and Jāmbavān’s heroic endurance despite age and injury.