Shloka 144

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

स तस्यचापनिर्घोषात्कुपितोराक्षसर्षभः ।अमृष्यमाणस्तंघोषमभिदुद्रावराघवम् ।।।।

Transliteration

sa tasya cāpanirghoṣāt kupito rākṣasarṣabhaḥ |

amṛṣyamāṇas taṃ ghoṣam abhidudrāva rāghavam ||

Translation

ครั้นได้ยินเสียงกึกก้องแห่งคันศรนั้น รากษสผู้เป็นพฤษภก็เดือดดาล ทนเสียงนั้นมิได้ จึงพุ่งตรงเข้าหาพระราฆวะ

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• तस्य: of him; his
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• चापनिर्घोषात्: from the twang of the bow
• चापनिर्घोषात्: अपादान (Apādāna/Source; cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चाप+निर्घोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; समासः चापस्य निर्घोषः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• कुपितः: enraged
• कुपितः: कर्ता (Karta; predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुपित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; कुप्/कुप्य् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• राक्षसर्षभः: bull among Rakshasas
• राक्षसर्षभः: कर्ता (Karta; apposition to सः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस+ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः राक्षसानां ऋषभः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• अमृष्यमाणः: not enduring; unable to bear
• अमृष्यमाणः: कर्ता (Karta; concomitant action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृष् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शानच्), आत्मनेपद-भाव, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक (unable to endure)

• तम्: that
• तम्: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• घोषम्: sound; roar
• घोषम्: कर्म (Karma; object of enduring)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अभिदुद्राव: rushed towards
• अभिदुद्राव: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि+द्रु (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• राघवम्: Raghava (Rama)
• राघवम्: कर्म (Karma; goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Enraged by the loud sound of the twang of the bow, the bull among Rakshasas unable to bear rushed towards Raghava.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāma (Rāghava)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It cautions against reactive anger: being ruled by impulse leads to reckless choices, whereas dharma requires steadiness and judgment.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa, provoked by the bow’s sound, abandons restraint and charges toward Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Negative emphasis on krodha (wrath) as a vice; by contrast, Rāma’s calm preparedness is implied.