Shloka 9

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम् तथा अङ्गदप्रेरणा

Kumbhakarna’s sortie and Angada’s rallying of the Vanaras

Devanagari script

तेनिवृत्यतुसङ्कृद्धाःकुम्भकर्णंवनौकसः ।निर्जघ्नुःपरमक्रुद्धास्समदाइवकुञ्जराः ।।।।

Transliteration

te nivṛtya tu saṅkruddhāḥ kumbhakarṇaṁ vanaukasaḥ | nirjaghnuḥ paramakruddhāḥ samadā iva kuñjarāḥ ||

Translation

เหล่าผู้อาศัยพงไพรหันกลับด้วยโทสะ แล้วเข้าตีคุมภกรรณอย่างหนักหน่วง โกรธเกรี้ยวยิ่งนัก ดุจช้างตกมัน

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• निवृत्य: having returned
• निवृत्य: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृत् (धातु) + नि (उपसर्ग)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘having turned back’

• तु: then
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अन्वयार्थक (then/indeed)

• सङ्कृद्धाः: enraged
• सङ्कृद्धाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्+√क्रुध् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तृपदस्य विशेषणम्

• कुम्भकर्णम्: Kumbhakarna
• कुम्भकर्णम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भ + कर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मपदम्

• वनौकसः: forest-dwellers (Vanaras)
• वनौकसः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन + ओकस् (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (वने ओकः/निवासः येषाम्) ‘forest-dwellers’

• निर्जघ्नुः: struck down/beat
• निर्जघ्नुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् (धातु) + निर् (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपदम्

• परमक्रुद्धाः: extremely angry
• परमक्रुद्धाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम + क्रुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (परमं क्रुद्धाः) कर्तृपदस्य विशेषणम्

• समदाः: in rut/intoxicated
• समदाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्तृपदस्य विशेषणम् (lit. ‘in rut/intoxicated’)

• इव: like
• इव: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक-अव्यय (like/as)

• कुञ्जराः: elephants
• कुञ्जराः: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुञ्जर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; उपमानपदम्

Context

Those forest rangers who were extremely enraged turned back to hit, determined like the elephants in rut went to vanquish Kumbhakarna.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Vānara warriors (vanaukasaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Standing against adharma: once resolved, they confront the threat directly rather than fleeing, embodying steadfastness in a just war.

What is the narrative situation?

The regrouped Vānaras surge back and attack Kumbhakarṇa with renewed fury.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Martial courage and collective determination.