Shloka 42

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

दशराक्षससाहस्रंयुगपत्पर्यवारयन् ।नीलाञ्जनचयाकारंतेतुतंप्रत्यबोधयन् ।।।।अभिघ्नन्तोनदन्तश्चनैवसंविविदेतुसः ।

Transliteration

daśa-rākṣasa-sāhasraṃ yugapat paryavārayan | nīlāñjana-cayākāraṃ te tutaṃ pratyabodhayan || abhighnanto nadantaś ca naiva saṃvivide tu saḥ ||

Translation

รากษสหมื่นตนพากันล้อมเขาพร้อมกัน—ผู้มีรูปดุจกองอัญชันดำ—แล้วพยายามปลุกเขา ทั้งตีทั้งโห่ร้อง แต่เขามิได้สะทกสะท้านเลยแม้แต่น้อย

Word by Word

• दशराक्षससाहस्रम्: ten thousand rakshasas
• दशराक्षससाहस्रम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश-राक्षस-साहस्र (प्रातिपदिक; components: दश + राक्षस + साहस्र)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (ten-thousand of rakshasas)

• युगपत्: simultaneously
• युगपत्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: युगपत् (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (simultaneously)

• पर्यवारयन्: they surrounded
• पर्यवारयन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि+वृ (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; causative/denominative sense 'to surround'

• नीलाञ्जनचयाकारम्: having the form of a heap of dark collyrium
• नीलाञ्जनचयाकारम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नील-अञ्जन-चय-आकार (प्रातिपदिक; components: नील + अञ्जन + चय + आकार)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of तम्)

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तुतम्: him
• तुतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; छान्दस/पाठभेदः for तम्

• प्रत्यबोधयन्: they tried to awaken
• प्रत्यबोधयन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति+बुध् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; causative sense 'to awaken'

• अभिघ्नन्तः: striking
• अभिघ्नन्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि+हन् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; क्रियाविशेषण-भावे (while striking)

• नदन्तः: roaring
• नदन्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नद् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; क्रियाविशेषण-भावे (while roaring)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis: indeed/just)

• संविविदे: he perceived/responded
• संविविदे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+विद् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वय-अव्यय (but)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Context

Ten thousand Rakshasas surrounded him all at once like a mass of antimony striking him and even made a loud noise. But he never responded.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rākṣasas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights perseverance and the limits of coercion: repeated external pressure may still fail when the inner state is unchanged—suggesting that true awakening (ethical or spiritual) is not forced but realized.

What is the narrative situation?

A huge mass of rākṣasas surrounds Kumbhakarṇa and tries to wake him by noise and blows, but he remains unresponsive.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kumbhakarṇa’s immovability/unyielding nature (asleep like an unshaken mass), contrasted with the rākṣasas’ persistence.