Shloka 23

माल्यवानुपदेशः

Malyavan’s Counsel, Portents in Laṅkā, and the Proposal of Alliance

Devanagari script

देवदानवयक्षेभ्योगृहीतश्चवरस्त्वया ।।।।मनुषावानराऋक्षागोलाङ्गूलामहाबलाः ।बलवन्तइहागम्यगर्जन्तीदृढविक्रमाः ।।।।

Transliteration

devadānavayakṣebhyo gṛhītaś ca varas tvayā |

manuṣā vānarā ṛkṣā golāṅgūlā mahābalāḥ |

balavanta ihāgamya garjantī dṛḍhavikramāḥ ||

Translation

ท่านได้วรแห่งความปลอดภัยจากเหล่าเทวะ ดานวะ และยักษะแล้ว; แต่บัดนี้ มนุษย์ วานร หมี และวานรหน้าดำผู้มีกำลังยิ่งใหญ่ ได้มาถึง ณ ที่นี้ และคำรามด้วยวีรภาพอันมั่นคงไม่หวั่นไหว

Word by Word

• देवदानवयक्षेभ्यः: from the Devas, Danavas, and Yakshas
• देवदानवयक्षेभ्यः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) + दानव (प्रातिपदिक) + यक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (from Devas, Danavas, and Yakshas)

• गृहीतः: obtained/taken
• गृहीतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'वरः' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• वरः: boon
• वरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Kartr (कर्ता/agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Instrumental singular)

• मनुषाः: humans
• मनुषाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• वानराः: vanaras
• वानराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• ऋक्षाः: bears
• ऋक्षाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• गोलाङ्गूलाः: golangulas (a kind of monkeys)
• गोलाङ्गूलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक) + लाङ्गूल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः: गो-सदृशं लाङ्गूलं येषां ते (monkeys with cow-like tails / long tails; traditional epithet)

• महाबलाः: very strong
• महाबलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा (प्रातिपदिक) + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः: महत् बलं येषां ते (mighty)

• बलवन्तः: strong
• बलवन्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (for the preceding groups)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: देश-अव्यय (adverb: here)

• आगम्य: having come
• आगम्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु) उपसर्ग आ-
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त (absolutive/gerund): 'having come'

• गर्जन्ति: roar
• गर्जन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गर्ज् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• दृढविक्रमाः: of steadfast valor
• दृढविक्रमाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृढ (प्रातिपदिक) + विक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः: दृढः विक्रमः येषां ते (of firm valor)

Context

"You have secured boons of immunity against death at the hand s of strong and mighty and powerful valour, like gods, Danavas, Yakshas and human beings. The Vanaras, Bears and monkeys with dark faces are coming here now thundering."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Devas
• Dānavas
• Yakṣas
• humans (manuṣāḥ)
• Vānaras
• bears (ṛkṣāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A warning against arrogance born of partial protections: dharma teaches humility and clear-eyed assessment—boons do not negate moral consequence.

What is the narrative situation?

Counsel is given that despite Rāvaṇa’s boons against certain classes of beings, formidable non-divine opponents (human and vānar allies) have arrived for battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Practical wisdom in counsel—recognizing limits of power and the reality of impending danger.