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Shloka 18

दूत-नीति, शुक-प्रसङ्गः

Envoy-Ethics and the Episode of Śuka

यस्तुहित्वामतंभर्तुस्स्वमतंसम्प्रभाषते ।अनुक्तवादीदूतस्सन् सदूतोवधमर्हति ।।।।

yas tu hitvā mataṃ bhartuḥ svamataṃ samprabhāṣate |

anuktavādī dūtas san sa dūto vadham arhati ||

แต่ทูตผู้ละทิ้งพระประสงค์ของนายตน แล้วกล่าวความเห็นของตนเอง กล่าวถ้อยคำที่พระราชามิได้ทรงอนุญาต—ทูตเช่นนั้นย่อมควรแก่โทษถึงตาย

यःhe who
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक (relative pronoun)
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/विरोध (but/indeed)
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (Gerund)
मतम्opinion/command
मतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भर्तुःof the master/king
भर्तुः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
स्वमतम्his own opinion
स्वमतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व + मत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (स्वं मतम्)
सम्प्रभाषतेspeaks/utters
सम्प्रभाषते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + प्र + भाष् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
अनुक्तवादीone who speaks what was not said (by the master)
अनुक्तवादी:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुक्त + वादिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण; षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भाव (अनुक्तं वदति इति)
दूतःa messenger
दूतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सन्being
सन्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दूतः(such) a messenger
दूतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति-बल (emphatic repetition)
वधम्death/killing
वधम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अर्हतिdeserves/ought to receive
अर्हति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

After hearing the appeal of Suka and seeing the monkeys shouting, Rama spoke indicating not to kill him.

Ś
Śuka
K
king (bhartṛ)

FAQs

The dharma of an envoy is fidelity and truthful transmission: he must not distort, add, or substitute personal opinions for the ruler’s authorized message.

Śuka refines the rule: messenger-immunity applies to a proper envoy, not to one who speaks beyond mandate.

Integrity in communication—satya as accurate reporting and disciplined speech.