Shloka 11

रावणस्य अन्त्येष्टिः

Ravana’s Funeral Rites and the Ethics of Post-War Conduct

Devanagari script

यदैववानरैर्घोरैर्बद्धस्सेतुर्महार्णवे ।तदैवहृदयेनाहंशङ्केरामममानुषम् ।।।।

Transliteration

yadaiva vānarair ghorair baddhaḥ setur mahārṇave | tadaiva hṛdayenāhaṃ śaṅke rāmam amānuṣam ||

Translation

เมื่อเหล่าวานรผู้เกรียงไกรน่าครั่นคร้ามสร้างสะพานข้ามมหาสมุทรได้ ตั้งแต่วินาทีนั้นเอง ใจข้าพเจ้าก็สงสัยมั่นว่า พระรามมิใช่มนุษย์สามัญ เป็นผู้เหนือมนุษย์

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (kāla-adhikaraṇa sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (temporal adverb/conjunction): 'when'

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: सम्बन्ध (emphatic particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle/emphasis)

• वानरैः: by the vanaras
• वानरैः: करण (karaṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• घोरैः: terrible
• घोरैः: विशेषण (qualifier of karaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; agrees with वानरैः

• बद्धः: built/constructed
• बद्धः: कर्मणि-भाव (resultant state)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bandh (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृतान्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicate of सेतुः

• सेतुः: the bridge
• सेतुः: कर्ता/विषय (karta/topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: setu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; Nominative singular

• महार्णवे: in the great ocean
• महार्णवे: अधिकरण (adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + arṇava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; Locative singular; 'in the great ocean'

• तदा: then
• तदा: सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (kāla-adhikaraṇa sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (temporal adverb): 'then'

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: सम्बन्ध (emphatic particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle/emphasis)

• हृदयेन: in (my) heart/mind
• हृदयेन: करण (karaṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hṛdaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन; Instrumental singular; idiomatically 'in my heart/mind'

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता (karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Nominative singular

• शङ्के: I suspect/doubt
• शङ्के: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śaṅk (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), आत्मनेपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; Present indicative: 'I suspect/doubt'

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: कर्म (karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; Accusative singular

• अमानुषम्: non-human/superhuman
• अमानुषम्: विशेषण (qualifier of karma)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- + mānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; agrees with रामम्

Context

"When these terrific Vanaras constructed a bridge over the great ocean, I doubted in my mind at that time itself that Rama is not a mortal."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Vānaras
• Setu (bridge)
• Mahārṇava (great ocean)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Recognizing truth (satya) when revealed through extraordinary righteous action: dharma includes discerning the higher reality behind events.

What is the narrative situation?

After witnessing the bridge built across the ocean, the speaker confesses an inner conviction of Rāma’s superhuman nature.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthfulness and discernment—openly acknowledging conviction formed by evidence, not ego or faction.