Shloka 10

रावणस्य अन्त्येष्टिः

Ravana’s Funeral Rites and the Ethics of Post-War Conduct

Devanagari script

यदैवनगरींलङ्कांदुष्प्रवेशांसुरैरपि ।प्रविष्टोहनुमान्वीर्यात्तदैवव्यथितावयम् ।।।।

Transliteration

yadaiva nagarīṃ laṅkāṃ duṣpraveśāṃ surair api |

praviṣṭo hanumān vīryāt tadaiva vyathitā vayam ||

Translation

ครั้นหนุมาน ด้วยเดชแห่งวีรภาพล้วน ๆ ได้ล่วงเข้าสู่นครลงกา อันยากจะเข้าถึงแม้แก่เหล่าเทวะ ในขณะนั้นเอง พวกเราก็สะทกสะท้านด้วยความหวาดหวั่นและร้อนรนใจ

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्बन्ध-कालवाचक अव्यय (when)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात

• नगरीम्: city
• नगरीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नगरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• लङ्काम्: Lankā
• लङ्काम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लङ्का (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; नगरीम् इत्यस्य विशेष्य (apposition)

• दुष्प्रवेशाम्: difficult to enter
• दुष्प्रवेशाम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुस् (उपसर्ग/प्रातिपदिक) + प्रवेश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उपपद-तत्पुरुष ('hard to enter'), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (to लङ्काम्)

• सुरैः: by the gods
• सुरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• अपि: even
• अपि: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (even)

• प्रविष्टः: entered
• प्रविष्टः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + विश् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP: entered), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (to हनुमान्)

• हनुमान्: Hanumān
• हनुमान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनुमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वीर्यात्: due to (his) valor
• वीर्यात्: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative), एकवचन; हेतौ (cause)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय

• एव: indeed
• एव: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात

• व्यथिताः: distressed, worried
• व्यथिताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यथ् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP: distressed), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (to वयम्)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Context

"To Lanka, which is inaccessible to anyone, Hanuman entered by increasing his valour. Knowing this we worried (that Rama may not be mere mortal)."

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Laṅkā
• suras (gods)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Adharma invites warning-signs before downfall. Recognizing extraordinary virtue and divine support behind dharmic causes is part of wise discernment.

What is the narrative situation?

In recollection, the speaker points to Hanumān’s entry into Laṅkā as an ominous sign that Rāma’s side was not ordinary.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s vīrya (courage and capability) is highlighted—heroic power used in service of a dharmic mission.