Shloka 17

रावणवधोत्तरं विभीषणशोकः—क्षत्रधर्मोपदेशः

Vibhishana’s Lament after Ravana’s Fall; Instruction on Kshatriya-Dharma

Devanagari script

येनसेन्द्रास्त्रयोलोकास्त्रासितायुधिधीमता ।तस्मिन्कालसमायुक्ते न कालःपरिशोचितुम् ।।।।

Transliteration

yena sendrās trayo lokās trāsitā yudhi dhīmatā |

tasmin kālasamāyukte na kālaḥ pariśocitum ||

Translation

ผู้ซึ่งครั้งหนึ่งในสงครามทำให้สามโลก—แม้พระอินทร์—หวาดหวั่น ครั้นเขาประจวบกับกาลที่กำหนดแล้ว บัดนี้มิใช่กาลแห่งการโศกเศร้าเกินประมาณ

Word by Word

• yena: by whom
• yena: Karaṇa (करण) / Instrument
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/napuṃsaka, Tṛtīyā Ekavacana; relative pronoun

• sa-indrāḥ: (gods) with Indra
• sa-indrāḥ: Karta (कर्ता) of trāsitāḥ (passive subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sa (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Bahuvacana; सह-तत्पुरुषः—"इन्द्रेण सह" (together with Indra)

• trayaḥ: three
• trayaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of lokāḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Bahuvacana; numeral adjective

• lokāḥ: worlds
• lokāḥ: Karta (कर्ता) of trāsitāḥ (passive subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Bahuvacana

• trāsitāḥ: were terrified
• trāsitāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: trāsita (कृदन्त, √tras; causative/णिच् implied; PPP)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Kta PPP; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Bahuvacana; कर्मणि—"were frightened"

• yudhi: in war
• yudhi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yudh (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Saptamī Ekavacana; अर्थः—युद्धे

• dhīmatā: by the wise/clever one
• dhīmatā: Karaṇa (करण) / Instrument (agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhīmat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā Ekavacana; मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त

• tasmin: in that (one/condition)
• tasmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/napuṃsaka, Saptamī Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun

• kāla-samāyukte: when bound to Time (fate)
• kāla-samāyukte: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of tasmin
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक) + samāyukta (कृदन्त, √yuj with sam-ā; PPP)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/napuṃsaka, Saptamī Ekavacana; तत्पुरुषः—"कालेन समायुक्ते" (joined with/subject to Time)

• na: not
• na: Vākya-niṣedha
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Pratiṣedha-nipāta

• kālaḥ: time
• kālaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (impersonal: 'it is not time')
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana

• pariśocitum: to grieve
• pariśocitum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन) / infinitival complement
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-√śuc (धातु)
• Form: Tumun (तुमुन्) infinitive; purpose/complement of kālaḥ

Context

"He who is wise, and the three worlds fear him, including Indra, the Lord of gods, when brought under the sway of death according to time-spirit, should not be mourned."

Characters & Entities

• Indra
• Three worlds (trailokya)
• Kāla (Time/Death)
• Rāma
• Vibhīṣaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya about mortality: all beings, however mighty, are subject to Kāla. Dharma calls for clear-sighted acceptance of this truth rather than uncontrolled lamentation.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma continues consoling Vibhīṣaṇa, pointing to the inevitability of Time even for one who once terrified the worlds.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Wisdom and equanimity—seeing death as governed by Kāla and maintaining composure aligned with dharma.