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Shloka 4

प्रथमः सर्गः

Rama Praises Hanuman; Anxiety over Crossing the Ocean

देवदानवयक्षाणां गन्धर्वोरगरक्षसाम् ।अप्रधृष्यां पुरीं लङ्कां रावणेन सुरक्षिताम् ।प्रवष्ट स्सत्त्वमाश्रित्यश्वसन्को नाम निष्क्रमेत् ।।।।

devadānavayakṣāṇāṃ gandharvoragarakṣasām | apradhṛṣyāṃ purīṃ laṅkāṃ rāvaṇena surakṣitām | praviṣṭaḥ sattvam āśritya śvasan ko nāma niṣkramet ||

ลงกา—อันราวณะคุ้มกันอย่างแน่นหนา—ยากจะตีแตกแม้แก่เหล่าเทวะ ทานวะ ยักษะ คนธรรพ์ นาค และรากษส ผู้ใดเล่าที่อาศัยเพียงความกล้าหาญบุกเข้าไปแล้ว จะยังหายใจออกมาได้?

devadānavayakṣāṇāmof the devas, dānavas, and yakṣas
devadānavayakṣāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva+dānava+yakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural); समासः द्वन्द्वः (देवाश्च दानवाश्च यक्षाश्च)
gandharva-uraga-rakṣasāmof gandharvas, serpents, and rākṣasas
gandharva-uraga-rakṣasām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootgandharva+uraga+rakṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural); समासः द्वन्द्वः (गन्धर्वाश्च उरगाश्च राक्षसाश्च)
apradhṛṣyāmunassailable
apradhṛṣyām:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roota+pradhṛṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (qualifying purīm/laṅkām)
purīmcity
purīm:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootpurī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
laṅkāmLaṅkā
laṅkām:
Karma (कर्म/Object/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootlaṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); पुर्याः विशेष्य-नाम
rāvaṇenaby Rāvaṇa
rāvaṇena:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootrāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)
surakṣitāmwell-protected
surakṣitām:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu+rakṣita (कृदन्त, rakṣ धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (laṅkām)
praviṣṭaḥhaving entered
praviṣṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra+viś (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
sattvamstrength/courage
sattvam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of āśritya)
TypeNoun
Rootsattva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
āśrityahaving resorted to
āśritya:
Kriya (क्रिया/absolutive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootā+śri (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive)
śvasanbreathing, alive
śvasan:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootśvas (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
kaḥwho
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम
nāmaindeed
nāma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāma (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic/indeed)
niṣkrametcould come out/return
niṣkramet:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnis+kram (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

"Indeed, who has the strength to return alive after entering that city highly protected by Ravana. It is unimaginable even for devas, danavas, yakshas, gandharvas, uragas and rakshasas to cross."

L
Laṅkā
R
Rāvaṇa
D
devas
D
dānavas
Y
yakṣas
G
gandharvas
U
uragas (nāgas/serpents)
R
rākṣasas

FAQs

Dharma is steadfast courage in righteous purpose: entering danger for a just mission, while also speaking truthfully about the real magnitude of the risk.

The speaker underscores how formidable Laṅkā is, magnifying the significance of the successful reconnaissance and return.

Fearless resolve (sattva) and mission-focused bravery—qualities embodied by Hanumān in service of Rāma’s cause.