Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 21

हनूमदुपदेशः रावणस्य च कोपः

Hanuman’s Counsel to Ravana and Ravana’s Wrath

Devanagari script

तत् त्रिकालहितं वाक्यं धर्म्यमर्थानुबन्धि च।मन्यस्व नरदेवाय जानकी प्रतिदीयताम्।।।।

Transliteration

tat trikālahitaṃ vākyaṃ dharmyam arthānubandhi ca | manyasva naradevāya jānakī pratidīyatām ||

Translation

ฉะนั้นขอพระองค์ทรงใคร่ครวญถ้อยคำนี้—เป็นประโยชน์ในกาลทั้งสาม ชอบด้วยธรรม และเกื้อกูลต่อความรุ่งเรืองแท้จริง—ขอให้ส่งชานกีคืนแด่พระราม ผู้เป็นจอมแห่งมนุษย์

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'that (speech)'

• त्रिकालहितम्: beneficial in all three times
• त्रिकालहितम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (संख्या) + काल (प्रातिपदिक) + हित (धा-क्त/हित, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः: त्रिषु कालेषु हितम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (वाक्यम् इति विशेषणम्)

• वाक्यम्: statement/words
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• धर्म्यम्: righteous
• धर्म्यम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'righteous' (वाक्यम् इति विशेषणम्)

• अर्थानुबन्धि: leading to benefit/advantage
• अर्थानुबन्धि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + अनुबन्धिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः: अर्थम् अनुबध्नाति इति; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (वाक्यम् इति विशेषणम्)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• मन्यस्व: consider/think
• मन्यस्व: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), आत्मनेपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

• नरदेवाय: to the king (lord of men)
• नरदेवाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक) + देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः: नराणां देवः; पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/सम्प्रदान), एकवचन

• जानकी: Janaki (Sita)
• जानकी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जानकी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रतिदीयताम्: let (her) be returned
• प्रतिदीयताम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-दा (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; 'let (her) be given back'

Context

"Think that my advice is beneficial to you for you present, past and future. It is righteous. It will provide you material wealth too. Hence return Sita to the lord of the people.

Characters & Entities

• Jānakī (Sītā)
• Rāma (naradeva)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Restoring what was taken unjustly is dharma; true artha (prosperity) follows righteous action, not coercion.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān concludes a key part of his admonition by urging Rāvaṇa to return Sītā to Rāma as the dharmic solution.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Nīti (wise counsel) aligned with satya—advice framed as universally beneficial (trikālahita).