Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 44, Shloka 11

जम्बुमालिवधः

The Slaying of Jambumali

Devanagari script

तरसा तां समुत्पाट्य चिक्षेप बलवद्भली।तां शरैर्दशभिः क्रुद्धस्ताडयामास राक्षसः।।।।

Transliteration

tarasā tāṁ samutpāṭya cikṣepa balavad bhalī |

tāṁ śarair daśabhiḥ kruddhas tāḍayāmāsa rākṣasaḥ ||

Translation

ด้วยแรงอันกราดเกรี้ยว ผู้ทรงพละได้ถอนศิลาแล้วขว้างไป; แต่รากษสผู้โกรธเกรี้ยวกลับยิงด้วยลูกศรสิบดอกจนแตกสลาย

Word by Word

• तरसा: with force
• तरसा: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (singular); क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbial instrumental)

• ताम्: that (rock)
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म/Object) of समुत्पाट्य/चिक्षेप
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (singular)

• समुत्पाट्य: having uprooted
• समुत्पाट्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + उत् + पट्/पाट् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable participle); 'having uprooted/lifted out'

• चिक्षेप: hurled
• चिक्षेप: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्षिप् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)

• बलवत्: powerfully
• बलवत्: Prakāra (प्रकार/Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बलवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable) used as क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• बली: the strong one
• बली: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बलिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (singular)

• ताम्: that (rock)
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म) of ताडयामास
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• शरैः: with arrows
• शरैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine), तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन (plural)

• दशभिः: with ten
• दशभिः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of शरैः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दशन् (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
• Form: (numeral adjective) तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन (plural)

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of राक्षसः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु) → क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त (past participle used adjectivally), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ताडयामास: struck, battered
• ताडयामास: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ताड् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect) periphrastic/आम-प्रत्यय (ām periphrasis), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• राक्षसः: the demon
• राक्षसः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

Powerful Hanuman with all vehemence lifted the rock and hurled it at the giant which he angrily smashed with ten arrows.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Jambumālī (rākṣasa opponent)
• Arrows (śara)
• Rock (śilā)
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in conflict includes persistence without despair: when one effort is thwarted, the righteous agent adapts rather than abandoning the cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān attacks by throwing a boulder; Jambumālī counters effectively by breaking it with arrows.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kṣānti and dhṛti (endurance and resolve) implied through continued engagement despite setback.