Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 3, Shloka 37

लङ्काप्रवेशः

Hanuman Enters Lanka and Encounters Laṅkā-devatā

Devanagari script

ततः स कपिशार्दूलस्तामुवाच निशाचरीम्।दृष्ट्वा पुरीमिमां भद्रे पुनर्यास्ये यथागतम्।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ sa kapiśārdūlas tām uvāca niśācarīm | dṛṣṭvā purīm imāṃ bhadre punar yāsye yathāgatam ||

Translation

แล้ววานรผู้ประดุจพยัคฆ์กล่าวแก่นางผู้เที่ยวราตรีว่า “โอ้แม่ผู้ประเสริฐ ครั้นได้เห็นนครนี้แล้ว เราจักกลับไปดังที่มา”

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम् (indeclinable adverb); तदनन्तरम् (then)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), एकवचनम्

• कपिशार्दूलः: tiger among monkeys
• कपिशार्दूलः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि + शार्दूल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (कपीनां शार्दूलः)

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative), एकवचनम्

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• निशाचरीम्: the night-walker (demoness)
• निशाचरीम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशाचरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative), एकवचनम्; ताम् इत्यस्य विशेष्य-सम्बन्धः

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्तम् (absolutive/gerund)

• पुरीम्: the city
• पुरीम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative), एकवचनम्

• इमाम्: this
• इमाम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative), एकवचनम्; पुरीम् इति विशेषणम्

• भद्रे: O noble lady
• भद्रे: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), सम्बोधन-विभक्तिः (Vocative), एकवचनम्

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम् (adverb)

• यास्ये: I shall go
• यास्ये: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकारः (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुषः (1st person), एकवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम्

• यथा-आगतम्: as I came/just as before
• यथा-आगतम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + आगत (कृदन्त; आ-गम् धातोः क्त)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समासः; अव्ययम् (indeclinable adverbial): ‘as (I) came’

Context

The tiger among monkeys said to the, the night-walker "O noble Lanka! I shall see this city and go back".

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Hanumān uses courteous speech even to an opponent; dharma here is restraint and civility, avoiding needless harm while pursuing a righteous mission.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān responds to the guardian’s challenge, stating he only intends to see the city and then leave.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Maryādā (propriety) and vāg-saṃyama (control of speech): he addresses her as bhadre despite hostility.