Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 16, Shloka 8

षोडशः सर्गः (Sarga 16): Hanumān’s Recognition of Sītā and Renewed Lament

Devanagari script

विराधश्च हतः सङ्ख्ये राक्षसो भीमविक्रमः।वने रामेण विक्रम्य महेन्द्रेणेव शम्बरः।।5.16.8।।

Transliteration

virādhaś ca hataḥ saṅkhye rākṣaso bhīmavikramaḥ |

vane rāmeṇa vikramya mahendreṇeva śambaraḥ ||5.16.8||

Translation

และวิราธะด้วย—ยักษ์ผู้มีฤทธานุภาพน่าหวาดหวั่น—ถูกพระรามปราบสังหารในศึก ณ พนาลัย ดุจที่มหาอินทร์ (มหेंद्र) ทรงพิชิตศัมพรฉันนั้น

Word by Word

• विराधः: Viradha
• विराधः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विराध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• हतः: was slain
• हतः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त PPP, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सङ्ख्ये: in battle
• सङ्ख्ये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्ख्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘in battle’

• राक्षसः: the demon
• राक्षसः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अपपद-सम्बन्धः (apposition to विराधः)

• भीमविक्रमः: of fearsome valour
• भीमविक्रमः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम-विक्रम (प्रातिपदिक; घटकाः: भीम + विक्रम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (राक्षसः/विराधः)

• वने: in the forest
• वने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• रामेण: by Rama
• रामेण: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; कर्तृ-करण-भावे (agent/instrument)

• विक्रम्य: having advanced with valour
• विक्रम्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund), ‘having advanced/stridden’

• महेन्द्रेण: by Mahendra (Indra)
• महेन्द्रेण: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक; घटकाः: महा + इन्द्र)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; उपमान (standard of comparison)

• इव: like
• इव: Upamāna-marker (उपमा-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय

• शम्बरः: Śambara
• शम्बरः: Upameya (उपमेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शम्बर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; उपमेय (compared entity)

Context

"Rama killed Viradha of fearsome valour in the forest like Sambara by Indra.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Virādha
• Indra (Mahendra)
• Śambara
• Forest (Daṇḍaka context implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is the protection of the innocent and the removal of violent oppression: Rāma’s righteous strength destroys threats that violate moral order.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān continues building Sītā’s confidence by citing Rāma’s past triumphs over formidable rākṣasas.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Heroic steadfastness (vīrya) under Dharma: Rāma’s valor is likened to Indra’s, presenting him as a restorer of order.