Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 13, Shloka 35

रावणभवनपरिक्रमणं हनूमतः शोकविचारश्च

Hanuman’s Circuit of Ravana’s Palace and the Crisis of Deliberation

Devanagari script

सपुत्रदारास्सामात्या भर्तृव्यसनपीडिताः।।।।शैलाग्रेभ्यः पतिष्यन्ति समेषु विषमेषु च।

Transliteration

sa-putra-dārāḥ sāmātyā bhartṛ-vyasana-pīḍitāḥ |

śailāgrebhyaḥ patiṣyanti sameṣu viṣameṣu ca ||

Translation

เมื่อถูกความวิบัติของพระผู้เป็นนายกดทับ พวกเขา—พร้อมบุตร ภรรยา และเสนามาตย์—จะกระโจนจากยอดเขา ตกลงทั้งบนพื้นราบและพื้นขรุขระไม่เสมอกัน

Word by Word

• सपुत्रदाराः: with sons and wives
• सपुत्रदाराः: कर्ता (Karta; qualifier of implied subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय-उपसर्गसदृश) + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + दार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; अव्ययीभावः (स- = 'with') अर्थे 'with sons and wives'

• सामात्याः: with ministers
• सामात्याः: कर्ता (Karta; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय) + अमात्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; अव्ययीभावः (with ministers)

• भर्तृव्यसनपीडिताः: tormented by their king's calamity
• भर्तृव्यसनपीडिताः: कर्ता (Karta; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यसन (प्रातिपदिक) + पीडित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √पीड्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP) 'पीडित', पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (भर्तृ-व्यसनेन पीडिताः = tormented by the lord's calamity)

• शैलाग्रेभ्यः: from mountain peaks
• शैलाग्रेभ्यः: अपादान (Apādāna/Ablative-source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैल (प्रातिपदिक) + अग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग 'अग्र', पञ्चमी, बहुवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (peaks of mountains)

• पतिष्यन्ति: will fall
• पतिष्यन्ति: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• समेषु: on level ground
• समेषु: अधिकरण (Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; 'level places'

• विषमेषु: on uneven ground
• विषमेषु: अधिकरण (Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; 'uneven places'

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

Context

"Tormented by their king's death the vanaras with their wives, sons and ministers will drop down from the mountain peaks on the rough ground and die.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras
• Ministers (amātyas)
• Mountain peaks

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is the protection of life and social stability; Hanumān’s duty is intensified by the foreseeable harm to families and governance if the mission fails.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān contemplates extreme reactions among the vānaras if leadership and hope collapse.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Protective responsibility—he sees himself as accountable for preventing a chain of ruin.