Shloka 15

सूर्यानुगमनवृत्तान्तः

The Account of Following the Sun

Devanagari script

पक्षाभ्यां च मया गुप्तो जटायुर्न प्रदह्यते।प्रमादात्तत्र निर्दग्धः पतन्वायुपथादहम्।।।।

Transliteration

pakṣābhyāṃ ca mayā gupto jaṭāyur na pradahyate | pramādāt tatra nirdagdhaḥ patan vāyupathād aham ||

Translation

ข้าพเจ้าใช้ปีกทั้งสองบังปกป้องชฏายุไว้ เพื่อมิให้เขาถูกเผาไหม้; แต่ด้วยความประมาทของตน ข้าพเจ้ากลับถูกไฟลวกไหม้ ณ ที่นั้น และเมื่อร่วงหล่นก็หลุดจากวิถีแห่งลม

Word by Word

• पक्षाभ्याम्: with (two) wings
• पक्षाभ्याम्: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), द्विवचन (Dual)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• मया: by me
• मया: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम (1st person pronoun), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन (Singular)

• गुप्तः: protected
• गुप्तः: कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी विशेषण (predicate adjective to subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुप्त (कृदन्त; √गुप् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine); विशेषण (adjective)

• जटायुः: Jatāyu
• जटायुः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जटायु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• प्रदह्यते: is burnt
• प्रदह्यते: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दह् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)

• प्रमादात्: due to negligence
• प्रमादात्: हेतु (Hetu/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन (Singular)

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• निर्दग्धः: burnt
• निर्दग्धः: कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी विशेषण (predicate adjective to 'aham')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्दग्ध (कृदन्त; √दह् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine); विशेषण (predicate adjective)

• पतन्: while falling
• पतन्: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पतत् (कृदन्त; √पत् धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine); क्रियाविशेषण-भाव (converbial: 'while falling')

• वायुपथात्: from the path of the wind (sky-route)
• वायुपथात्: अपादान (Apādāna/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु + पथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive tatpuruṣa: 'wind's path'), पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन (Singular)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम (1st person pronoun), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular)

Context

'Bereft of my kingdom, my brother and my wings, and having lost my strength I desire to fall down from the mountain top and die.'ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē valmīkīya ādikāvyē kiṣkindhākāṇḍē ēkaṣaṣṭitamassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the sixtyfirst sarga in Kishkindakanda of the first epic, the Holy Ramayana composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Sampāti
• Jatāyu

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Protecting others is dharmic, but dharma also demands vigilance: pramāda (carelessness) can destroy the protector even while saving another.

What is the narrative situation?

Sampāti covers Jatāyu from the Sun’s heat/fire; Sampāti himself gets burned and falls.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Protective self-sacrifice (rakṣā-bhāva), tempered by the warning against heedlessness.