Shloka 24

दुन्दुभिवधप्रसङ्गः

The Dundubhi Episode and the Proof of Rama’s Prowess

Devanagari script

श्रुत्वा हिमवतो वाक्यं कोधाविष्टस्स दुन्दुभिः।जगाम तां पुरीं तस्य किष्किन्धां वालिनस्तदा4.11.24।।

Transliteration

śrutvā himavato vākyaṃ krodhāviṣṭaḥ sa dundubhiḥ |

jagāma tāṃ purīṃ tasya kiṣkindhāṃ vālinas tadā || 4.11.24 ||

Translation

ครั้นดุนทุภีผู้ถูกโทสะครอบงำได้สดับถ้อยคำแห่งหิมวัตแล้ว ก็ออกไปยังนครของวาลี คือกิษกินธาในกาลนั้น

Word by Word

• śrutvā: having heard
• śrutvā: Kriya (पूर्वकालिक क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive): 'having heard'

• himavataḥ: of Himavan
• himavataḥ: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: himavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• vākyaṃ: words
• vākyaṃ: Karma (कर्म/Object of śrutvā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• krodha-āviṣṭaḥ: seized with anger
• krodha-āviṣṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक) + āviṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; from ā-viś)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: 'क्रोधेन आविष्टः' (seized by anger)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• dundubhiḥ: Dundubhi
• dundubhiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dundubhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to saḥ

• jagāma: went
• jagāma: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; अर्थः—'went'

• tām: that
• tām: Karma (कर्म-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of purīm/kiṣkindhām)

• purīm: city
• purīm: Karma (कर्म/Object of jagāma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: purī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• kiṣkindhām: Kishkindha
• kiṣkindhām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kiṣkindhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; पुरी-नाम; purīm in apposition

• vālinaḥ: of Vali
• vālinaḥ: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vālin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, कालवाचक (then/at that time)

Context

'Having heard Himavan, Dundubhi, seized with anger, went to Kishkindha, the city of Vali.

Characters & Entities

• Dundubhi
• Himavat (Himalaya)
• Vali
• Kishkindha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse implicitly warns that anger (krodha) drives one into destructive choices; Dharma calls for restraint and discernment before acting.

What is the narrative situation?

Dundubhi, provoked by Himavat’s words, advances toward Kishkindha to confront Vali.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast rather than praise: the lack of self-control (anger) is highlighted as a catalyst for escalation.