Valmiki Ramayana 2.95.11 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 95, Shloka 11

मन्दाकिनीनदीदर्शनम्

The Vision of the Mandākinī at Citrakūṭa

Devanagari script

तांश्चातिवल्गुवचसो रथाङ्गाह्वयना द्विजाः।अधिरोहन्ति कल्याणि निष्कूजन्त श्शुभा गिरः।।।।

Transliteration

tāṃś cātivalguvacasō rathāṅgāhvayanā dvijāḥ | adhirōhanti kalyāṇi niṣkūjantaḥ śśubhā giraḥ ||

Translation

โอ้พระสีดาผู้เป็นมงคล นกผู้มีเสียงหวานที่เรียกว่า รถางคะ (จักรวากะ) พากันลงเกาะบนกองดอกไม้นั้น แล้วส่งเสียงขับขานไพเราะยิ่ง

Word by Word

• तान्: those (them)
• तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अति-वल्गु-वचसः: very sweet-voiced
• अति-वल्गु-वचसः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति (अव्यय) + वल्गु (प्रातिपदिक) + वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः/कर्मधारयः (अति वल्गु वचः येषाम्)

• रथाङ्ग-आह्वयनाः: chakravaka birds (named rathāṅga)
• रथाङ्ग-आह्वयनाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथाङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + आह्वयन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (रथाङ्ग इति आह्वयः/नाम येषाम्)

• द्विजाः: birds
• द्विजाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; पक्षिवाचकः

• अधिरोहन्ति: alight upon / mount
• अधिरोहन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अधि + रुह् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• कल्याणि: O auspicious one
• कल्याणि: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कल्याणि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन; संबोधन-पदम्

• निष्कूजन्तः: uttering / warbling
• निष्कूजन्तः: Kartr̥-sahacara (कर्तृ-सहचर/विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: निस् + कूज् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगः; द्विजाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• शुभाः: pleasant
• शुभाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (गिरः)

• गिरः: calls / notes
• गिरः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन

Context

My lovely Sita, I consider watching this mount Chitrakuta and river Mandakini in your presence more delightful than living in Ayodhya.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sītā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is steadiness in adversity: Rāma models contentment in exile by finding wholesome joy in nature rather than lamenting loss.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma points out the beauty around Citrakūṭa/Mandākinī to Sītā, drawing her attention to birds and flower-heaps as they move about the area.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s resilience and uplifting leadership—he comforts Sītā by reframing exile as a life of simplicity and beauty.