Valmiki Ramayana 2.83.11 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 83, Shloka 11

अयोध्याकाण्डे त्र्यशीति तमः सर्गः — Bharata’s Departure and Encampment on the Gaṅgā

Śṛṅgīberapura

Devanagari script

ये च तत्रापरे सर्वे सम्मता ये च नैगमाः।रामं प्रति ययुर्हृष्टा स्सर्वाः प्रकृतयस्तथा।।2.83.11।।

Transliteration

ye ca tatrāpare sarve sammatā ye ca naigamāḥ | rāmaṃ prati yayur hṛṣṭāḥ sarvāḥ prakṛtayas tathā ||

Translation

ส่วนคนอื่น ๆ ที่นั่นทั้งหมด ทั้งชาวนครผู้เป็นที่นับถือและพ่อค้า ตลอดจนไพร่ฟ้าประชาราษฎร์ทั้งปวง ต่างยินดีแล้วมุ่งหน้าไปยังพระราม

Word by Word

• ye: who (those)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; relative pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• tatra: there
• tatra: Deśa (देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of place (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• apare: others
• apare: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifies ye/sarve

• sarve: all
• sarve: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• sammatāḥ: respected
• sammatāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-man (मन् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural; 'approved/respected'

• ye: who (those)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; relative pronoun (second group)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• naigamāḥ: merchants
• naigamāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naigama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• prati: towards
• prati: Gati/Pratiyogin (गति/प्रत्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prati (अव्यय)
• Form: Preposition-like indeclinable (उपसर्गसदृश अव्यय) governing accusative

• yayuḥ: went
• yayuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yā (या धातु)
• Form: Luṅ (aorist), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

• hṛṣṭāḥ: delighted
• hṛṣṭāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hṛṣ (हृष् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; 'delighted'

• sarvāḥ: all
• sarvāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural; qualifies prakṛtayaḥ

• prakṛtayaḥ: subjects, citizens
• prakṛtayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

Context

Respectable city folks, like traders and other subjects went along in great delight towards Rama.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Subjects (prakṛti)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A dharmic ruler is a public good: all social groups willingly move toward Rama, implying legitimacy grounded in virtue rather than force.

What is the narrative situation?

Multiple classes of Ayodhya’s population join the movement toward Rama.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s widely recognized righteousness, evidenced by the people’s eager support.