Valmiki Ramayana 2.74.31 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 74, Shloka 31

भरतस्य कैकेयी-गर्हा तथा सुरभि-दृष्टान्तः

Bharata’s Reproach of Kaikeyi and the Surabhi Exemplum

Devanagari script

अनाययित्वा तनयं कौसल्याया महाबलम्।स्वयमेव प्रवेक्ष्यामि वनं मुनिनिषेवितम्।।।।

Transliteration

anāyayitvā tanayaṃ kausalyāyā mahābalam |

svayam eva pravekṣyāmi vanaṃ muni-niṣevitam ||

Translation

หากข้าพเจ้ามิอาจนำบุตรผู้ทรงพลังของพระนางเกาสัลยากลับมาได้ ข้าพเจ้าจะเข้าสู่ป่าอันเป็นที่พำนักของเหล่าฤาษีด้วยตนเอง

Word by Word

• अनाययित्वा: without bringing back
• अनाययित्वा: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Condition)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √nī (धातु) causative √nī→नायय + नञ् + त्वा
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा) with negation prefix ‘अन-’; causative base; sense: ‘without bringing back’

• तनयम्: son
• तनयम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of bringing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tanaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कौसल्यायाः: of Kausalya
• कौसल्यायाः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kausalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• महाबलम्: mighty/very strong
• महाबलम्: Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular; समासः—कर्मधारय (महच्च तत् बलं यस्य) विशेषणम् (तनयम्)

• स्वयम्: myself
• स्वयम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (स्वकृत्य)

• एव: indeed/alone
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण)

• प्रवेक्ष्यामि: I will enter
• प्रवेक्ष्यामि: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √viś (धातु) with prefix pra-
• Form: Future (लृट्), Parasmaipada, 1st person, Singular

• वनम्: forest
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of entering)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मुनिनिषेवितम्: frequented by sages
• मुनिनिषेवितम्: Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: muni + niṣevita (√sev + kta)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; PPP (क्त) ‘frequented’; समासः—तत्पुरुष (मुनिभिः निषेवितम्) विशेषणम् (वनम्)

Context

O vicious one!, O evil-intentioned one! being watched by the citizens with their throats choked with tears of grief, I cannot endure the burden of the sin committed by you.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kausalya
• Rama
• Forest
• Munis (ascetics)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A ruler-in-waiting must prioritize rightful succession and justice over comfort; Bharata binds himself by a vow to correct the adharma done to Rama.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata announces that unless he succeeds in bringing Rama back to Ayodhya, he will renounce palace life and go to the ascetics’ forest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-denial and steadfastness: Bharata refuses to accept kingship at the cost of righteousness.