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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 17

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

बाहूनुद्यम्य कृपणाः नेत्रप्रस्रवणैर्मुखैः।रुदन्त्य श्शोकसन्तप्ताः कृपणं पर्यदेवयन्।।।।

bāhūn udyamya kṛpaṇāḥ netraprasravaṇair mukhaiḥ |

rudantyaḥ śokasantaptāḥ kṛpaṇaṃ paryadevayan ||

พวกนางชูแขนขึ้น ใบหน้าอาบด้วยธารน้ำตา ถูกไฟแห่งโศกเผาผลาญ สะอื้นไห้คร่ำครวญอย่างน่าเวทนาไม่ยั้ง

बाहून्arms
बाहून्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of उdyamya)
TypeNoun
Rootबाहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन
उद्यम्यhaving raised
उद्यम्य:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्+यम् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया (having raised)
कृपणाःwretched/piteous
कृपणाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृपण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; विशेषण (of स्त्रियः understood)
नेत्रप्रस्रवणैःwith tear-streaming (eyes)
नेत्रप्रस्रवणैः:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument; manner)
TypeAdjective
Rootनेत्र+प्रस्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (with tear-flowing eyes)
मुखैःwith faces
मुखैः:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument; manner)
TypeNoun
Rootमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
रुदन्त्यःweeping
रुदन्त्यः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootरुद् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; विशेषण (of स्त्रियः)
शोकसन्तप्ताःburnt by grief
शोकसन्तप्ताः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootशोक+सन्तप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; तृतीया-तत्पुरुष (शोकेन सन्तप्ताः = scorched by grief)
कृपणम्piteously
कृपणम्:
Manner (प्रकार/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृपण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया-एकवचन (accusative used adverbially)
पर्यदेवयन्lamented
पर्यदेवयन्:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+देव् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

With tears flowing down their faces, piteously raising their arms, groaning in their burning grief, the women lamented helplessly.

P
palace women (striyaḥ—implicit from previous verse)
D
Daśaratha (implicit context)

FAQs

While not prescribing an action, the verse records truthful human response to loss (satya of emotion). In the Ramayana, acknowledging grief is part of moral realism, which then must be guided back into dharmic conduct and duty.

Following the king’s death, the women’s grief becomes outwardly visible—raised arms, tears, and loud lamentation.

Emotional sincerity and attachment born of loyalty—grief as evidence of love and dependence on the righteous king.