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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 1

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

Devanagari script

तमग्निमिव संशान्तमम्बुहीनमिवार्णवम्।हतप्रभमिवाऽऽदित्यं स्वर्गस्थं प्रेक्ष्य पार्थिवम्।।।।कौसल्या बाष्पपूर्णाक्षी विविधां शोककर्शिता।उपगृह्य शिरो राज्ञः कैकेयीं प्रत्यभाषत।।।।

Transliteration

tam agnim iva saṁśāntam ambuhīnam ivārṇavam | hataprabham ivādityaṁ svargasthaṁ prekṣya pārthivam ||

kausalyā bāṣpapūrṇākṣī vividhāṁ śokakarśitā | upagṛhya śiro rājñaḥ kaikeyīṁ pratyabhāṣata ||

Translation

ครั้นเห็นพระราชาเสด็จสู่สวรรค์—ประหนึ่งไฟถูกดับฉับพลัน ประหนึ่งมหาสมุทรไร้น้ำ ประหนึ่งดวงอาทิตย์สิ้นรัศมี—พระนางเกาสัลยา ดวงตาเอ่อท้นด้วยน้ำตา ถูกความโศกนานาประการบีบคั้น อุ้มพระเศียรของพระราชาวางบนตัก แล้วตรัสกับไกเกยี

Word by Word
tamhim / that (person)
tam:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम-शब्दः; पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (pronoun; masculine; accusative singular)
agnimfire
agnim:
उपमान (standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine; accusative singular)
ivalike, as
iva:
सम्बन्ध/उपमा-सूचक (comparative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्ययम् (indeclinable of comparison)
saṅśāntampacified, quenched
saṅśāntam:
विशेषण (qualifier of tam)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃ-√śam (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय) → saṅśānta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (past passive participle; masculine; accusative singular)
ambu-hīnamdevoid of water
ambu-hīnam:
विशेषण (qualifier of ārṇavam)
TypeAdjective
Rootambu (प्रातिपदिक) + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: अम्बुना हीनः); नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter; accusative singular)
ivalike, as
iva:
सम्बन्ध/उपमा-सूचक (comparative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्ययम् (indeclinable of comparison)
ārṇavamocean
ārṇavam:
उपमान (standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootārṇava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter; accusative singular)
hata-prabhambereft of radiance
hata-prabham:
विशेषण (qualifier of ādityam in comparison)
TypeAdjective
Roothata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √han + kta) + prabhā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समासः (कर्मधारय/षष्ठीभावः: हता प्रभा यस्य/यत्र); नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter; accusative singular)
ivalike, as
iva:
सम्बन्ध/उपमा-सूचक (comparative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्ययम् (indeclinable of comparison)
ādityamthe sun
ādityam:
उपमान (standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootāditya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine; accusative singular)
svarga-sthamdwelling in heaven, heaven-gone
svarga-stham:
विशेषण (qualifier of pārthivam)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvarga (प्रातिपदिक) + stha (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √sthā + ka/क्त?)
Formतत्पुरुष-समासः (सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषः: स्वर्गे स्थितः); पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine; accusative singular)
prekṣyahaving seen
prekṣya:
पूर्वकाल (prior action; adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpra-√īkṣ (धातु) + ल्यप् (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययः) → prekṣya (अव्ययीभाव/कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्ययम् (absolutive/gerund): ‘having seen’
pārthivamthe king
pārthivam:
कर्म (object of prekṣya)
TypeNoun
Rootpārthiva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine; accusative singular)
kausalyāKausalyā
kausalyā:
कर्ता (agent)
TypeNoun
Rootkausalyā (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine; nominative singular)
bāṣpa-pūrṇa-akṣīwhose eyes were full of tears
bāṣpa-pūrṇa-akṣī:
विशेषण (qualifier of kausalyā)
TypeAdjective
Rootbāṣpa (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + akṣi/akṣī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समासः (यस्या अक्षिणी बाष्पपूर्णे); स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine; nominative singular)
vividhāmvarious, in many ways
vividhām:
कर्म (object; understood ‘vāc/am’ = speech)
TypeAdjective
Rootvividha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine; accusative singular)
śoka-karśitāemaciated by sorrow
śoka-karśitā:
विशेषण (qualifier of kausalyā)
TypeAdjective
Rootśoka (प्रातिपदिक) + karśita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √kṛś + kta)
Formतत्पुरुष-समासः (तृतीया/हेतु-भावः: शोकेन कर्शिता); स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine; nominative singular)
upagṛhyahaving grasped, embracing
upagṛhya:
पूर्वकाल (prior action; adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootupa-√grah (धातु) + ल्यप् → upagṛhya
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्ययम् (absolutive/gerund): ‘having taken/embraced’
śiraḥhead
śiraḥ:
कर्म (object of upagṛhya)
TypeNoun
Rootśiras (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter; accusative singular)
rājñaḥof the king
rājñaḥ:
षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine; genitive singular)
kaikeyīmKaikeyī
kaikeyīm:
कर्म (object; addressee/target)
TypeNoun
Rootkaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine; accusative singular)
pratitowards, to
prati:
सम्बन्ध (direction/target marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprati (अव्यय)
Formउपसर्ग/अव्ययम्; दिशार्थक/प्रत्यर्थक (indeclinable: towards, in regard to)
abhāṣataspoke, addressed
abhāṣata:
क्रिया (main action)
TypeVerb
Root√bhāṣ (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकारः (अनद्यतन-भूतकालः); प्रथम-पुरुषः एकवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम् (imperfect; 3rd person singular; middle voice)
Context

On seeing the king who ascended the heaven just as a blazing fire suddenly extinguishes, or like the ocean emptied of water or the Sun bereft of splendour Kausalya raised the head of the king on to her lap, her eyes filled with tears and body shrunk in sorrow, looked at Kaikeyi and said:

Characters & Entities
D
Daśaratha
K
Kausalyā
K
Kaikeyī
S
svarga (heaven)
Ā
āditya (sun)
A
agni (fire)
A
arṇava (ocean)

FAQs

It foregrounds the moral weight of actions within family and kingship: when dharma is disrupted, the household and realm experience collapse symbolized by extinguished fire and dimmed sun.

After Daśaratha’s death, Kausalyā discovers him, grieves intensely, and turns to address Kaikeyī—setting up a confrontation shaped by duty, truth, and consequence.

Kausalyā’s steadfastness in grief and her commitment to speak directly—holding to truthfulness and moral clarity even amid personal devastation.

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