Valmiki Ramayana 2.62.19 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 62, Shloka 19

अयोध्याकाण्डे द्विषष्टितमः सर्गः

Kausalyā consoles Daśaratha; grief, remorse, and nightfall

Devanagari script

तं हि चिन्तयमानाया श्शोकोऽयं हृदि वर्धते।नदीनामिव वेगेन समुद्रसलिलं महत्।।।।

Transliteration

taṃ hi cintayamānāyāḥ śoko 'yaṃ hṛdi vardhate | nadīnām iva vegena samudra-salilaṃ mahat ||

Translation

เมื่อข้าพเจ้าครุ่นคิดถึงพระองค์อยู่เนืองนิตย์ ความโศกนี้ก็ยิ่งทวีขึ้นในดวงใจ—ดุจมหาสมุทรอันยิ่งใหญ่ที่เอ่อล้นด้วยแรงเชี่ยวของสายนทีทั้งหลาย

Word by Word

• tam: him (Rama)
• tam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Eka-vacana

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (Particle relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (emphasis/causal nuance)

• cintayamānāyāḥ: of (me) thinking
• cintayamānāyāḥ: Kāla/Hetu (Circumstantial/काल-हेतु)
• Type: Verb
• Root: cintaya (प्रातिपदिक from √cint)
• Form: Śatṛ/Śānac present participle (वर्तमान-कृदन्त), Ātmanepada sense; Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti, Eka-vacana; 'while I am thinking'

• śokaḥ: grief
• śokaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Eka-vacana

• ayam: this
• ayam: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Eka-vacana; demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally

• hṛdi: in (my) heart
• hṛdi: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/सप्तमी), Eka-vacana

• vardhate: increases
• vardhate: Kriyā (Predicate action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vṛdh (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (Present/लट्), Prathama puruṣa, Eka-vacana; Ātmanepada

• nadīnām: of rivers
• nadīnām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (Genitive/relational)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti, Bahu-vacana

• iva: like
• iva: Upamāna (Simile marker/उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; upamā-vācaka (simile marker)

• vegena: by the force/speed
• vegena: Karaṇa (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vega (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Eka-vacana

• samudra-salilam: the sea-water
• samudra-salilam: Upamāna (Standard of comparison/उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samudra (प्रातिपदिक) + salila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Eka-vacana; tatpuruṣa: 'sea-water'

• mahat: great, vast
• mahat: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Eka-vacana; agreeing with samudra-salilam

Context

When he regained his senses, the king heaved deep, hot sighs. Seeing Kausalya by his side he relapsed into a state of anxiety.

Characters & Entities

• Kausalyā
• Daśaratha
• Rāma
• Samudra (ocean)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights satya in emotional expression: dharma is supported by honesty about suffering, enabling compassionate response rather than denial.

What is the narrative situation?

Kausalyā describes the intensifying nature of her grief whenever she dwells on Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Depth of love and sincerity—her feelings are not performative but naturally intensifying, like a swelling sea.