Valmiki Ramayana 2.59.9: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 59, Shloka 9

एकोनषष्ठितमः सर्गः (Sarga 59): सुमन्त्रवाक्यं, अयोध्याविषादः, दाशरथिशोकसागरः

Devanagari script

उपतप्तोदका नद्यः पल्वलानि सरांसि च।परिशुष्कपलाशानि वनान्युपवनानि च।।2.59.9।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.59.9

Transliteration

upataptodakā nadyaḥ palvalāni sarāṃsi ca | pariśuṣkapalāśāni vanāny upavanāni ca || 2.59.9 ||

Translation

สายน้ำในแม่น้ำทั้งหลายร้อนระอุ บึงและสระก็พลอยเดือดร้อน ป่าและอุทยานทั้งหลายมีใบไม้เหี่ยวหดแห้งกรอบ

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Word by Word

• upatapta-udakāḥ: with heated water
• upatapta-udakāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upa-tapta (कृदन्त; √tap तप्, क्त) + udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with nadyaḥ; ‘having heated water’

• nadyaḥ: rivers
• nadyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• palvalāni: ponds/pools
• palvalāni: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: palvala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sarāṃsi: lakes
• sarāṃsi: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saras (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• pariśuṣka-palāśāni: with dried foliage
• pariśuṣka-palāśāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pari-śuṣka (कृदन्त/विशेषण; √śuṣ शुष्, क्त) + palāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with vanāni, upavanāni; ‘having dried leaves/foliage’

• vanāni: forests
• vanāni: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• upavanāni: groves/gardens
• upavanāni: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upavana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

Context

Water in rivers, ponds and lakes has heated up while all the foliage in the forests and gardens have shrivelled.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Ayodhyā (implied)
• Rāma (implicit causal context from prior verse-set)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is depicted as an ordering principle for society and nature: when truth and rightful order are endangered, the world shows signs of imbalance, warning leaders to uphold satya and righteous governance.

What is the narrative situation?

Ayodhyā is portrayed as suffering abnormal natural conditions—heated waters and dried foliage—serving as ominous markers during the upheaval connected with Rāma’s fate.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is the ruler’s responsibility: a king must respond to signs of disorder by protecting righteousness and the welfare of beings under his care.