Valmiki Ramayana 2.59.13 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 59, Shloka 13

एकोनषष्ठितमः सर्गः (Sarga 59): सुमन्त्रवाक्यं, अयोध्याविषादः, दाशरथिशोकसागरः

Devanagari script

अत्रोद्यानानि शून्यानि प्रलीनविहगनि च।न चाभिरामा नारामान्पश्यामि मनुजर्षभ।।2.59.13।।

Transliteration

atrodyānāni śūnyāni pralīna-vihagāni ca |

na cābhirāmān ārāmān paśyāmi manujarṣabha ||

Translation

ที่นี่อุทยานทั้งหลายว่างเปล่า และหมู่นกก็หายลับไปซ่อนเร้น โอ้ยอดแห่งมนุษย์ ข้ามิได้เห็นอารามอันรื่นรมย์งดงามดังเดิมอีกแล้ว

Word by Word

• atra: here
• atra: Deśa (देश/locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• udyānāni: gardens
• udyānāni: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udyāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• śūnyāni: empty/deserted
• śūnyāni: Karma (कर्म/predicate complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śūnya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); predicate adjective

• pralīna-vihagāni: with birds gone
• pralīna-vihagāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pralīna (कृदन्त; pra-√lī ली, क्त) + vihaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with udyānāni; ‘with birds vanished’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय/अन्वय)

• abhirāmāḥ: delightful/beautiful
• abhirāmāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhirāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with ārāmān

• ārāmān: parks/pleasure-groves
• ārāmān: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• paśyāmi: I see
• paśyāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (दृश् धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• manu-ja-ṛṣabha: O best of men
• manu-ja-ṛṣabha: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manuṣya/manu-ja (प्रातिपदिक) + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Pleasure-gardens are all deserted as the birds have vanished. O best of men, as such they do not look beautiful.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha (Manujarṣabha)
• Ayodhyā (implied)
• gardens (udyāna)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It reflects how a society’s moral center affects collective well-being: when dharma is wounded, communal joy (symbolized by gardens and birdsong) recedes.

What is the narrative situation?

Sumantra describes Ayodhyā’s (and its environs’) desolation—gardens empty, birds absent—mirroring the people’s sorrow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Civic love for a righteous heir: the populace’s attachment to Rāma’s virtue is so deep that the city’s cheer seems extinguished without him.