Valmiki Ramayana 2.52.19 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 19

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

Devanagari script

वयं खलु हता राम ये त्वयाप्युपवञ्चिताः।कैकेय्या वशमेष्यामः पापाया दुःखभागिनः।।2.52.19।।

Transliteration

vayaṃ khalu hatā rāma ye tvayāpy upavañcitāḥ |

kaikeyyā vaśam eṣyāmaḥ pāpāyā duḥkhabhāginaḥ ||

Translation

แท้จริงพวกเราพินาศแล้ว โอ้พระราม เพราะแม้พระองค์ก็ถูกพรากไปจากเรา ต่อแต่นี้เราจักตกอยู่ใต้อำนาจนางไกเกยีผู้บาปหนา และจักเป็นผู้รับส่วนแห่งความทุกข์

Word by Word

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• खलु: surely
• खलु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: khalu (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/खेदार्थक अव्यय (indeed/surely)

• हताः: ruined/destroyed
• हताः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) used adjectivally, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; predicate with वयम्

• राम: O Rama
• राम: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• ये: who
• ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक (relative pronoun)

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-कारार्थक अव्यय (also/even)

• उपवञ्चिताः: deprived/cheated
• उपवञ्चिताः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√vañc (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; predicate with ये

• कैकेय्याः: of Kaikeyi
• कैकेय्याः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन

• वशम्: into (her) control
• वशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एष्यामः: we shall go/come
• एष्यामः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √i (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Future), उत्तमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• पापायाः: sinful
• पापायाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pāpā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of कैकेय्याः)

• दुःखभागिनः: sharers of sorrow
• दुःखभागिनः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha-bhāgin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (दुःखस्य भागी), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (of वयम्)

Context

Deprived of you, O Rama! we will come under the control of that sinful Kaikeyi. We will suffer and die.

Characters & Entities

• Sumantra
• Rama
• Kaikeyi

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse contrasts dharmic leadership with adharma: when the righteous are removed, society fears domination by selfish power, leading to collective suffering.

What is the narrative situation?

Sumantra expresses despair that, with Rama exiled, the remaining household will be subject to Kaikeyī’s will.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s protective righteousness is implied: his presence is seen as a moral safeguard for the kingdom and its people.