Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 12

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकपञ्चाशः सर्गः — Guha’s Vigil and Lakṣmaṇa’s Lament

Night on the riverbank

Devanagari script

यो मन्त्रतपसा लब्धो विविधैश्च पराश्रमैः।एको दशरथस्येष्टः पुत्रः सदृशलक्षणः।।2.51.11।।अस्मिन् प्रव्राजिते राजा न चिरं वर्तयिष्यति।विधवा मेदिनी नूनं क्षिप्रमेव भविष्यति।।2.51.12।।

Transliteration

yo mantratapasā labdho vividhaiś ca parāśramaiḥ |

eko daśarathasyeṣṭaḥ putraḥ sadṛśalakṣaṇaḥ || 2.51.11 ||

asmin pravrājite rājā na ciraṃ vartayiṣyati |

vidhavā medinī nūnaṃ kṣipram eva bhaviṣyati || 2.51.12 ||

Translation

พระรามองค์นี้เอง—ผู้ได้มาด้วยตบะอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ประกอบมนตร์ และความเพียรอันหนักหนานานัปการ—เป็นโอรสผู้เป็นที่รักยิ่งเพียงหนึ่งเดียวของทศรถ มีลักษณะดุจพระบิดา หากพระองค์ถูกเนรเทศ พระราชาย่อมอยู่ได้ไม่นาน; แผ่นดินนี้ก็จักเป็นหม้ายโดยเร็วแน่แท้

Word by Word

• विनद्य: having raised (a sound)
• विनद्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + नद् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (gerund: having sounded/raised)

• सुमहानादम्: a very loud sound
• सुमहानादम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु + महान् + नाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (सुमहान् नादः), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• श्रमेण: due to fatigue
• श्रमेण: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• उपरताः: ceased/stopped
• उपरताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप + रम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (ceased), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘स्त्रियः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• स्त्रियः: women
• स्त्रियः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• निर्घोषोपरतम्: with noise ceased
• निर्घोषोपरतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्घोष + उपरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (निर्घोषः उपरतः यस्मिन्/यत्), क्त-प्रत्ययान्त ‘उपरत’, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘राजनिवेशनम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (and)

• अतः: therefore
• अतः: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतौ/तस्मात्-अर्थे अव्यय (therefore/from that)

• मन्ये: I think
• मन्ये: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• राजनिवेशनम्: the king's palace
• राजनिवेशनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् + निवेशन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (राज्ञः निवेशनम्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Context

This favourite son of Dasaratha who has similar traits like his father was born after he rigorously practised austerities accompanied by (Vedic) mantras. When he is banished, the king will not live long. Surely this land will soon be widowed.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Rāma
• medinī (earth/kingdom)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is presented as the pillar of royal life and public order; removing the dharmic prince destabilizes both king and kingdom.

What is the narrative situation?

A repeated/carry-over verse in the Southern Recension presentation, continuing Bharata’s foreboding about Daśaratha and the realm after Rāma’s exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reverence for virtue and rightful order—Bharata’s heart recognizes that Rāma’s presence sustains Ayodhyā’s moral center.