Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 3, Shloka 40

यौवराज्याभिषेक-उपकल्पनम्

Preparations for Rama’s Installation as Yuvaraja

Devanagari script

यतस्त्वया प्रजाश्चेमा स्स्वगुणैरनुरञ्जिताः।।।।तस्मात्त्वं पुष्ययोगेन यौवराज्यमवाप्नुहि।

Transliteration

yatas tvayā prajāś cemāḥ svaguṇair anurañjitāḥ |

tasmāt tvaṃ puṣyayogena yauvarājyam avāpnuhi ||

Translation

เพราะด้วยคุณธรรมของท่านเอง ท่านได้ชนะใจปวงประชาเหล่านี้แล้ว ฉะนั้นเมื่อพระจันทร์ร่วมกับฤกษ์ปุษยะ ท่านจงรับตำแหน่งยุวราช—รัชทายาท—เถิด

Word by Word

• यतः: since
• यतः: हेतु (Cause marker/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतः (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतु-अव्यय (causal conjunction: ‘since/because’)

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: कर्ता (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम-रूपम्

• प्रजाः: the people
• प्रजाः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• इमाः: these
• इमाः: कर्तृविशेषण (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (of 'prajāḥ')

• स्व-गुणैः: with (your) own virtues
• स्व-गुणैः: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः: स्वस्य गुणैः; पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, बहुवचन; करणम्

• अनुरञ्जिताः: pleased, endeared
• अनुरञ्जिताः: कर्तृविशेषण (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनु-रञ्ज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-कृदन्तः (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तृविशेषणम् (of 'prajāḥ')

• तस्मात्: therefore
• तस्मात्: हेतु-फल (Inference marker/हेतु-फल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तस्मात् (अव्यय/तद्-तस्मात्)
• Form: तस्मात्-इति हेतुफल-सूचक-अव्यय (therefore)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पुष्य-योगेन: by/at the conjunction with Pushya (asterism)
• पुष्य-योगेन: करण (Instrument/Means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुष्य (प्रातिपदिक) + योग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः: पुष्यस्य योगः; पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचन; करण/काल-हेतु-भावः

• यौवराज्यम्: the office of heir-apparent
• यौवराज्यम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यौवराज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अवाप्नुहि: obtain, receive
• अवाप्नुहि: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-आप् (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative/लोट्), परस्मैपदम्, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

As you have endeared yourself to these subjects with your virtues, you shall assume the office of heirapparent when Pushya star is in conjunction with the Moon.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Rāma
• prajāḥ (subjects)
• Puṣya (nakṣatra)
• yauvarājya (heir-apparent office)
• Moon (implied in yogena)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Leadership is grounded in virtue and public trust: the right to rule is linked to having genuinely benefited and pleased the people through good qualities.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha formally tells Rāma he will be installed as heir-apparent at an astrologically auspicious time (Puṣya conjunction).

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s ability to win the loyalty of subjects through svaguṇa—personal excellence and righteous conduct.