Valmiki Ramayana 2.20.13 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 20, Shloka 13

अयोध्याकाण्डे विंशः सर्गः

Rama Enters Kauśalyā’s Antaḥpura; Ritual Preparations and the Shock of Exile

Devanagari script

वर्धयित्वा प्रहृष्टास्ताः प्रविश्य च गृहं स्त्रियः।न्यवेदयन्त त्वरिता राममातुः प्रियं तदा।।।।

Transliteration

vardhayitvā prahṛṣṭās tāḥ praviśya ca gṛhaṃ striyaḥ | nyavedayan tvaritā rāma-mātuḥ priyaṃ tadā || 2.20.13 ||

Translation

สตรีเหล่านั้นยินดีปรีดา กล่าวคำอวยพรให้ท่านเจริญรุ่งเรือง แล้วรีบรุดเข้าไปยังห้องใน แจ้งข่าวอันน่าปลื้มแก่พระมารดาของพระรามในกาลนั้น

Word by Word

• वर्धयित्वा: having greeted/blessed (with words of prosperity)
• वर्धयित्वा: पूर्वकाल (Pūrvakāla/Anterior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वृध् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) from causative √वृध् (वर्धय-); अव्ययवत्

• प्रहृष्टाः: delighted
• प्रहृष्टाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-हृष् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle) from √हृष् with प्र; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (tāḥ/striyaḥ)

• ताः: those (women)
• ताः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• प्रविश्य: having entered
• प्रविश्य: पूर्वकाल (Pūrvakāla/Anterior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र-विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) from √विश् with प्र; अव्ययवत्

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• गृहम्: the house/apartment
• गृहम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• स्त्रियः: women
• स्त्रियः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• न्यवेदयन्: informed, reported
• न्यवेदयन्: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-विद् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; रूपम्: न्यवेदयन् (ny- prefix sandhi)

• त्वरिताः: hastened, in haste
• त्वरिताः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वरित (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्ताधारित)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle) from √त्वर्; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (striyaḥ)

• राममातुः: to Rama's mother
• राममातुः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (Recipient/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम-मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (रामस्य माता)

• प्रियम्: pleasant tidings
• प्रियम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'pleasant (news)'

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण (Temporal location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण

Context

Well-pleased, the women then greeted him wishing prosperity. They hurried into the abode of Kausalya and gave her the happy news (of Rama's arrival).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Rāma’s mother (Kauśalyā implied)
• women attendants

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here appears as auspicious speech and respectful communication—blessings and timely reporting within the household order.

What is the narrative situation?

Attendants greet Rāma with blessings and quickly go to inform Kauśalyā of the happy development (his arrival/approach).

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Goodwill and devotion within the royal household—joyful service and promptness in duty.