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Valmiki Ramayana 2.12.97Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 97

द्वादशः सर्गः — Kaikeyi’s Boons and Dasaratha’s Moral Collapse

Ayodhya Kanda 12

कथं रथैर्विभुर्यात्वा गजाश्वैश्च मुहुर्मुहुः।।।।पद्भ्यां रामो महारण्ये वत्सो मे विचरिष्यति।

kathaṃ rathair vibhur yātvā gajāśvaiś ca muhur muhuḥ, padbhyāṃ rāmo mahāraṇye vatso me vicariṣyati.

พระรามผู้เป็นดวงใจของข้า ผู้เคยชินกับการเสด็จอย่างโอ่อ่าบนรถศึก บนช้างและม้า ครั้งแล้วครั้งเล่า จะพเนจรไปในมหาป่าดงดิบด้วยเท้าเปล่าได้อย่างไรเล่า?

कथम्how
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नवाचक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
रथैःby chariots
रथैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग; तृतीया, बहुवचन
विभुःthe prince/lord
विभुः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविभु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेष्य (apposition) रामस्य
यात्वाhaving gone (riding)
यात्वा:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Anterior action)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund); ‘having gone/rode’
गजाश्वैःby elephants and horses
गजाश्वैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootगज-अश्व (प्रातिपदिक; गज + अश्व)
Formद्वन्द्व-समास (copulative: elephants and horses); पुल्लिङ्ग; तृतीया, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय
मुहुःagain and again
मुहुः:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time/frequency)
मुहुःrepeatedly
मुहुः:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः (अव्यय)
Formपुनरुक्ति (reduplication for emphasis)
पद्भ्याम्on foot (with the feet)
पद्भ्याम्:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootपद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया, द्विवचन
रामःRama
रामः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन
महारण्येin the great forest
महारण्ये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootमहा-अरण्य (प्रातिपदिक; महा + अरण्य)
Formकर्मधारय-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी, एकवचन
वत्सःmy dear son
वत्सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition to रामः)
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; स्नेहवाचक (term of endearment)
मेmy
मे:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; षष्ठी, एकवचन (enclitic)
विचरिष्यतिwill roam
विचरिष्यति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग: वि-

How will my son, Rama, who used to ride on chariots, elephants and horses roam the wilderness barefoot?

D
Daśaratha
K
Kaikeyī
R
Rāma
C
Chariot
E
Elephants
H
Horses
G
Great forest (mahāraṇya)

FAQs

Dharma is inseparable from compassion: a righteous order should not impose needless suffering on the innocent, especially the worthy.

Daśaratha imagines the physical hardship awaiting Rāma in exile and grieves over the reversal of his son’s royal life.

Daśaratha’s parental love and protective instinct, which also reflects the king’s duty to safeguard the deserving.

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