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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 109, Shloka 37

सत्यधर्मप्रतिपादनम्

Rama’s Defense of Truth and Dharma in Reply to Jabali

इति ब्रुवन्तं वचनं सरोषं रामं महात्मानमदीनसत्त्वम्।

उवाच पथ्यं पुनरास्तिकं च सत्यं वच: सानुनयं च विप्रः।।2.109.37।।

iti bruvantaṃ vacanaṃ saroṣaṃ rāmaṃ mahātmānam adīnasattvam |

uvāca pathyaṃ punar āstikaṃ ca satyaṃ vacaḥ sānunayaṃ ca vipraḥ || 2.109.37 ||

ครั้นพระรามผู้มหาตมะ ผู้ไม่หวั่นไหว ตรัสถ้อยคำด้วยความกริ้วนั้น พราหมณ์จึงกล่าวตอบอีกครั้งด้วยถ้อยคำอ่อนโยนชักนำ เป็นวาจาอันเป็นประโยชน์ สอดคล้องสัจจะ และยืนยันศรัทธาในธรรม

इतिthus
इति:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-समाप्ति-सूचक (quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम् (निदर्शक/उद्धरण-समाप्ति सूचकः) — indeclinable particle marking quotation/‘thus’
ब्रुवन्तम्speaking
ब्रुवन्तम्:
कर्म (object of उवाच—‘to/at the one speaking’)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु) → ब्रुवत् (शतृ-प्रत्ययः, वर्तमानकाले कृदन्तम्)
Formकृदन्तम् (शतृ, वर्तमान-कर्तरि) पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — present active participle, masc. acc. sg.
वचनम्speech; words
वचनम्:
कर्म (object/utterance characterized as wrathful)
TypeNoun
Rootवचन (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — neut. acc. sg.
सरोषम्wrathful; with anger
सरोषम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of वचनम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootस-रोष (प्रातिपदिकम्: स + रोष)
Formविशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — adj., neut. acc. sg.; समासः: उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (रोषेण सह/रोषयुक्तम्)
रामम्Rama
रामम्:
कर्म (object addressed/spoken to)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — masc. acc. sg.
महात्मानम्great-souled; magnanimous
महात्मानम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of रामम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन् (प्रातिपदिकम्: महा + आत्मन्)
Formविशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — adj., masc. acc. sg.; समासः: कर्मधारयः (महान् आत्मा यस्य सः)
अदीनसत्त्वम्of undaunted spirit; fearless-minded
अदीनसत्त्वम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of रामम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-दीन-सत्त्व (प्रातिपदिकम्: न + दीन + सत्त्व)
Formविशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — adj., masc. acc. sg.; समासः: कर्मधारयः (अदीनं सत्त्वं यस्य सः)
उवाचsaid; spoke
उवाच:
क्रिया (main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु) — लिट्-लकारः (परस्मैपदम्) रूपम्: उवाच
Formलिट् (परोक्शभूत/परफेक्ट्), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्, परस्मैपदम् — perfect, 3rd person sg., parasmaipada
पथ्यम्wholesome; beneficial
पथ्यम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of वचः)
TypeAdjective
Rootपथ्य (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formविशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — adj., neut. acc. sg. (agreeing with वचः)
पुनःagain
पुनः:
क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier of उवाच)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम् (क्रियाविशेषणम्) — indeclinable adverb
आस्तिकम्pious; faithful
आस्तिकम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of वचः)
TypeAdjective
Rootआस्तिक (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formविशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — adj., neut. acc. sg. (agreeing with वचः)
and
:
समुच्चय (coordinator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम् (समुच्चयार्थक-निपातः) — conjunction ‘and’
सत्यम्true
सत्यम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of वचः)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formविशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — adj., neut. acc. sg. (agreeing with वचः)
वचःspeech; words
वचः:
कर्म (object of उवाच)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — neut. acc. sg.
सानुनयम्conciliatory; with entreaty
सानुनयम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of वचः)
TypeAdjective
Rootस-अनुनय (प्रातिपदिकम्: स + अनुनय)
Formविशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम् — adj., neut. acc. sg. (agreeing with वचः); समासः: उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (अनुनयेन सह/अनुनययुक्तम्)
and
:
समुच्चय (coordinator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम् (समुच्चयार्थक-निपातः) — conjunction ‘and’
विप्रःthe brahmin
विप्रः:
कर्ता (agent/subject of उवाच)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् — masc. nom. sg.

If like a man who appears noble, though ignoble, clean, though unclean or dishonest, auspicious, though inauspicious, a man of character, though depraved, I forsake auspicious ways for unrighteousness, abandon pious acts and scriptural practices and indulge, under the cloak of dharma, in acts of wickedness by causing harm and confusion to the world, will any sensible man with a sense of discrimination between should and should not hold me in high esteem?

R
Rāma
V
vipra (Jābāli)

FAQs

Even amid conflict, dharmic discourse values speech that is truthful (satya), beneficial (pathya), and conciliatory rather than inflammatory.

After Rāma’s sharp response, the narration notes Jābāli’s strategic shift to faith-affirming, appeasing language.

Measured speech—responding to anger with calm, constructive, truth-oriented counsel.