Valmiki Ramayana 2.102.42 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 102, Shloka 42

पितृमरणश्रवणं जलक्रिया च

Hearing of Daśaratha’s death and the libation rites at Mandākinī

Devanagari script

वराह वृकसङ्घाश्च महिषा: सृमरास्तथा ।व्याघ्रगोकर्णगवया वित्रेसुः पृषतै स‌ह।।।।

Transliteration

varāha-vṛka-saṅghāś ca mahiṣāḥ sṛmarās tathā |

vyāghra-gokarṇa-gavayā vitresuḥ pṛṣataiḥ saha ||

Translation

ทั้งหมูป่าและฝูงหมาป่า ควายป่าและสัตว์พงไพรอื่น ๆ ทั้งเสือ กวางโกกรณะ กวายะ แม้กระทั่งกวางลายจุด ต่างพากันหวาดผวาไปพร้อมกัน

Word by Word

• वराहाः: boars
• वराहाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वराह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• वृकसङ्घाः: packs of wolves
• वृकसङ्घाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक-सङ्घ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (वृकाणां सङ्घः), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• च: and
• च: Samucchaya-dyotaka (समुच्चय-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• महिषाः: buffaloes
• महिषाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• सृमराः: deer (sṛmara)
• सृमराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सृमर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: likewise)

• व्याघ्रगोकर्णगवयाः: tigers, gokarṇa-antelopes, and gavayas
• व्याघ्रगोकर्णगवयाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्याघ्र-गोकर्ण-गवय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (समाहार/इतरेतर: tigers, gokarṇas, and gavayas), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• वित्रेसुः: were frightened
• वित्रेसुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √त्रस् (धातु, वि- उपसर्ग)
• Form: लिट्/परिपूर्णभूत (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• पृषतैः: with spotted deer
• पृषतैः: Sahakaraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृषत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakaraka-dyotaka (सहकारक-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक (particle: together with)

Context

Hearing that sound, hosts of boars and deer, buffaloes, serpents and apes, tigers, antelopes with ears like the cows', gavayas as well as dappled antelopes were all frightened.

Characters & Entities

• varāha (boar)
• gavaya (wild bovine)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is portrayed as a stabilizing principle: when society convulses around a righteous figure’s exile, even the wilderness reflects that disturbance.

What is the narrative situation?

The uproar spreads outward beyond human spaces, startling many kinds of animals.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s moral centrality (implied): the magnitude of reaction underscores how significant his dhārmic presence is to the world around him.